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Economy of Slovakia

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Economy of Slovakia
Bratislava is the economic centre of Slovakia
CurrencyEuro (EUR, €)
Calendar year
Trade organisations
EU, WTO, OECD
Country group
Statistics
PopulationNeutral decrease 5,405,368 (2026)[3]
GDP
GDP rank
  • 1.7% (2026)[4]
GDP per capita
  • Increase $31,247 (nominal; 2026)[4]
  • Increase $49,473 (PPP; 2026)[4]
GDP per capita rank
1.0% (2025)[5]
GDP by sector
  • 11.0% (2023)
  • 3.6% (2024)
  • 3.9% (2025)[7]
Population below national poverty line
  • 13.7% (2021)[8]
  • 18.3% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE 2024)[9]
21.7 low (2024)[10]
Labour force
  • 2,779,407 (2024)[12]
  • 78.1% employment rate (2024)[13]
Labour force by occupation
  • agriculture: 3.9%
  • industry: 22.7%
  • services: 73.4%
  • (2015)[6]
5.8% (March 2025)[14]
18.4% (2025)[15]
Average gross salary
€1,524 per month
€1,160 per month
Main industries
automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
External
Exports$118.389 billion (2024)[16]
Export goods
vehicles and related parts 27%, machinery and electrical equipment 20%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, iron and steel 4%, mineral oils and fuels 5% (2015)
Main export partners
Imports$113.369 billion (2023)[17]
Import goods
machinery and electrical equipment 20%, vehicles and related parts 14%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, fuel and mineral oils 9% (2015)
Main import partners
FDI stock
  • $69.92 billion (2017)[6]
  • Abroad: $21.29 billion (2017)[6]
-$3.895 billion (2024 est.)[6]
$75.04 billion (2016)[6]
Public finance
  • 59.7% of GDP (2024)[18]
  • €77.735 billion (2024)[18]
$9.61 billion (31 December 2021 est.)[6]
  • €7.1 billion deficit (2024)[18]
  • −5.5% of GDP (2024)[18]
42% of GDP (2024)[18]
47.5% of GDP (2024)[18]
Economic aid
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Slovakia has a developed export-oriented social market economy. It is a member of the European Union since 2004 and is a member of the eurozone since 2009. It is also a member of the WTO and OECD. The capital city Bratislava is the country's largest financial centre and business hub.

The largest component in Slovakia's economy is the service sector (60%), followed by industry (28.5%) and agriculture (2%).[6] Slovakia's industry is heavily focused on the automotive industry as the country is the largest producer of vehicles per capita.[25] Other notable industrial sectors include production of electrical appliances and production of machinery. The Slovak government actively follows a pro-export policy, utilizing agencies such as SARIO and EXIMBANKA to stimulate export growth.

Between 1970 and 1985 real incomes increased by about 50%, they fell in the 1990s. The gross domestic product only returned to its 1989 level in 2007.[26] The Slovak economy rapidly grew between 2000 until 2008, averaging nearly 6% yearly GDP growth.[27] This economic growth was the result of economic liberalization policies pursued during the 2000s and the country's accession to the EU in 2004. During this period Slovakia earned the nickname "Tatra Tiger". Slovakia's economic growth slowed down after 2008, largely due to effects of the 2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession.

History

[edit]

Since the establishment of the Slovak Republic in January 1993, Slovakia has undergone a transition from a centrally planned economy to a free market economy, a process which some observers were to believe was slowed in the 1994–98 period due to the crony capitalism and other fiscal policies of Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar's government. While economic growth and other fundamentals improved steadily during Mečiar's term, public and private debt and trade deficits also rose, and privatization was uneven. Real annual GDP growth peaked at 6.5% in 1995 but declined to 1.3% in 1999.

Two governments of the "liberal-conservative" Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–2006) pursued policies of macroeconomic stabilization and market-oriented structural reforms. Nearly the entire economy has now been privatized, and foreign investment has picked up. Economic growth exceeded expectations in the early 2000s, despite recession in key export markets. In 2001 policies of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform led to spiraling unemployment. Unemployment peaked at 19.2% (Eurostat regional indicators) in 2001.[28] Solid domestic demand boosted economic growth to 4.1% in 2002. Strong export growth, in turn, pushed economic growth to a still-strong 4.2% in 2003 and 5.4% in 2004, despite a downturn in household consumption. Multiple reasons entailed a GDP growth of 6% in 2005. Headline consumer price inflation dropped from 26% in 1993 to an average rate of 7.5% in 2004, though this was boosted by hikes in subsidized utilities prices ahead of Slovakia's accession to the European Union. In July 2005, the inflation rate dropped to 2.0% and is projected at less than 3% in 2005 and 2.5% in 2006. In 2006, Slovakia reached the highest economic growth (8.9%) among the members of OECD and the third highest in the EU (just behind Estonia and Latvia). The country has had difficulties addressing regional imbalances in wealth and employment.[29] GDP per capita ranges from 188% of EU average in Bratislava to only 54% in Eastern Slovakia.

About 10% of the Slovak labour force is expatriate in 2014. The country has one of the highest levels of long-term unemployment in Europe, with 7.1% of the labour force unemployed for more than a year in 2017.[26]

99.9% of Slovak firms are small and medium-sized enterprises and they account for 73.3% of all jobs in the country.[30][31]

Sectors

[edit]

Industry

[edit]

Slovakia became industrialized mostly in the second half of the 20th century. Heavy industry (including coal mining and the production of machinery and steel) was built for strategic reasons because Slovakia was less exposed to military threats than the western parts of Czechoslovakia. After the end of the Cold War, the importance of industry, and especially of heavy industry, declined. In 2010, industry (including construction) accounted for 35.6% of GDP, compared with 49% in 1990. Nowadays, building on a long-standing tradition and a highly skilled labor force, main industries with potential of growth are following sectors: Automotive, Electronics, Mechanical engineering, Chemical engineering, Information technology.

The automotive sector is among the fastest growing sectors in Slovakia due to the recent large investments of Volkswagen (Bratislava), Peugeot (Trnava), Kia (Žilina) and since 2018 also Jaguar Land Rover in Nitra. Passenger car production was 1,040,000 units in 2016, what makes Slovakia the largest automobile producer in produced cars per capita.[32] Other big industrial companies include U.S. Steel (metallurgy), Slovnaft (oil industry), Samsung Electronics (electronics), Foxconn (electronics), Mondi SCP (paper), Slovalco (aluminum production), Hyundai Mobis (automotive), Continental Matador (automotive) and Whirlpool Corporation. In 2006, machinery accounted for more than a half of Slovakia's export.

Largest companies by revenue (2024)

Company Revenue
(EUR millions)[33]
Volkswagen Slovakia 12,520
Kia Motors Slovakia 8,077
Slovnaft 5,554
Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa 5,040
Slovenské elektrárne 3,726
Slovenský plynárenský priemysel 2,768
U. S. Steel Košice 2,684
DÔVERA zdravotná poisťovňa 2,398
Lidl Slovenská republika 2,156
Stellantis Slovakia 2,028

Largest companies by profit (2024)

Company Profit
(EUR millions)[34]
Slovenské elektrárne 815
Kia Motors Slovakia 682
Slovnaft 365
SPP Infrastructure 342
Západoslovenská energetika 317
Volkswagen Slovakia 288
Slovenská sporiteľňa 283
Slovenský plynárenský priemysel 279
Všeobecná úverová banka 251
Tatra banka 216

Services

[edit]

Slovak service sector grew rapidly during the last 10 years and now employs about 69% of the population and contributes with over 61% to GDP. Slovakia's tourism has been rising in recent years, income has doubled from US$640 million in 2001 to US$1.2 billion in 2005.[35]

Information technology

[edit]
Headquarters of Eset

In recent years, service and high-tech-oriented businesses have prospered in Slovakia. Many global companies, including IBM, Dell, Lenovo, AT&T, SAP, Amazon, Johnson Controls, Swiss Re and Accenture, have built outsourcing and service centres in Bratislava[36] and Košice (T-Systems, Cisco Systems, Ness, Deloitte[37]). Slovak IT companies, including ESET, Sygic and Pixel Federation have headquarters in Bratislava.

Agriculture

[edit]

In 2016, agriculture accounted for 3.6% of GDP (compared to 6.9% in 1993) and occupied about 3.9% of the labor force (down from 10.2% in 1994). Over 40% of the land in Slovakia is cultivated. The southern part of Slovakia (bordering with Hungary) is known for its rich farmland. Growing wheat, rye, corn, potatoes, sugar beets, grains, fruits and sunflowers. Vineyards are concentrated in Little Carpathians, Tokaj, and other southern regions. The breeding of livestock, including pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry is also important.

Slovakia produced in 2018:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like grape (52 thousand tons).[38]

Innovation

[edit]

According to a recent report by the European Commission[citation needed], Slovakia (along with some other Central and Eastern European economies) is low on the list of EU states in terms of innovation (Slovakia ranks 22nd). Within the EU, it ranks next to last on knowledge creation and last for innovation and entrepreneurship. In the process of transition to a knowledge economy, it particularly lacks investment into education and a broader application of IT. The World Bank urges Slovakia to upgrade information infrastructure and reform the education system. The OECD states that a stronger product market competition would help.

In March 2006, the Slovak government introduced new measures to implement the Action Plan for R&D and Innovation. The program covers the period from 2006 to 2010. The RDA is expected to launch at least one call for the expression of interests related to this program each year. The annual budget for the program will be set by the RDA. The overall amount available for the program depends on annual national budget resources and is likely to vary from year to year. Following an increase of around 50% in budget resources, the RDA disposes of a total budget of €19.31 million in 2006.

Labour

[edit]

The minimum wage in Slovakia in 2026 is set at €915 per month,[39] the average salary for 2024 was €1,524 per month,[40] in the Bratislava region in 2025 the surveyed average salary was €2,379 per month.[41] As of December 2025 the unemployment rate stood at 4.09%.[42]

International trade

[edit]
Treemap of product exports from Slovakia in 2019.Cars (transportation) — 26.37% — US$ 23,801,907,639Vehicle parts (transportation) — 5.78% — US$ 5,216,692,317Video displays (machines) — 5.05% — US$ 4,557,839,769Broadcasting equipment (machines) — 3.87% — US$ 3,495,110,223Rubber tires (plastics and rubbers) — 1.92% — US$ 1,732,098,883Refined petroleum (mineral products) — 1.76% — US$ 1,591,676,966Insulated wire (machines) — 1.58% — US$ 1,430,400,088Electrical lighting and signalling equipment (machines) — 1.37% — US$ 1,240,026,479Air pumps (machines) — 1.25% — US$ 1,131,969,007Transmissions (machines) — 1.05% — US$ 945,394,638Coated flat-rolled iron (metals) — 0.95% — US$ 861,105,422Seats (miscellaneous) — 0.95% — US$ 857,480,097Hot-rolled iron (metals) — 0.95% — US$ 854,244,979Electrical transformers (machines) — 0.87% — US$ 781,848,545Ball bearings (machines) — 0.84% — US$ 755,204,216Central heating boilers (machines) — 0.83% — US$ 753,369,882Other plastic products (plastics and rubbers) — 0.79% — US$ 713,583,664Computers (machines) — 0.74% — US$ 667,575,639Electricity (mineral products) — 0.72% — US$ 646,563,335Office machine parts (machines) — 0.68% — US$ 611,258,656Other iron products (metals) — 0.66% — US$ 592,189,577Other furniture (miscellaneous) — 0.61% — US$ 554,633,510Excavation machinery (machines) — 0.61% — US$ 549,196,488Air conditioners (machines) — 0.57% — US$ 511,451,089Electrical control boards (machines) — 0.53% — US$ 480,148,855Leather footwear (footwear and headwear) — 0.52% — US$ 468,235,603Uncoated paper (paper goods) — 0.51% — US$ 460,880,061Toilet paper (paper goods) — 0.50% — US$ 450,746,183Vehicle bodies (transportation) — 0.50% — US$ 449,485,313Machinery having individual functions (machines) — 0.49% — US$ 437,782,358Packaged medicaments (chemical products) — 0.46% — US$ 418,041,190Railway freight cars (transportation) — 0.46% — US$ 417,666,179Centrifuges (machines) — 0.46% — US$ 410,729,919Metal mountings (metals) — 0.45% — US$ 402,196,864Lifting machinery (machines) — 0.43% — US$ 388,147,396Electric motors (machines) — 0.42% — US$ 377,544,400Other rubber products (plastics and rubbers) — 0.41% — US$ 367,765,018Flat flat-rolled steel (metals) — 0.41% — US$ 366,052,628Raw aluminium (metals) — 0.38% — US$ 346,949,380Raw copper (metals) — 0.38% — US$ 343,810,695Household washing machines (machines) — 0.38% — US$ 343,350,040Propylene polymers (plastics and rubbers) — 0.37% — US$ 336,845,850Iron structures (metals) — 0.37% — US$ 332,838,386Engine parts (machines) — 0.35% — US$ 318,861,802Spark-ignition engines (machines) — 0.33% — US$ 302,361,528Electric heaters (machines) — 0.32% — US$ 291,039,998Liquid pumps (machines) — 0.31% — US$ 279,786,686Harvesting machinery (machines) — 0.30% — US$ 273,660,974Cold-rolled iron (metals) — 0.30% — US$ 271,465,213Dental products (chemical products) — 0.30% — US$ 270,400,810Iron wire (metals) — 0.29% — US$ 264,055,246Plastic lids (plastics and rubbers) — 0.29% — US$ 263,315,980Rubber footwear (footwear and headwear) — 0.29% — US$ 257,645,420Rubberworking machinery (machines) — 0.28% — US$ 254,419,335Nitrogenous fertilizers (chemical products) — 0.28% — US$ 253,821,017Other aluminium products (metals) — 0.28% — US$ 253,632,209Microphones and headphones (machines) — 0.28% — US$ 249,273,152Scrap iron (metals) — 0.27% — US$ 247,963,784Telephones (machines) — 0.27% — US$ 247,359,161Broadcasting accessories (machines) — 0.27% — US$ 239,402,236Chocolate (foodstuffs) — 0.26% — US$ 238,650,032Iron pipes (metals) — 0.26% — US$ 236,851,112Knit women's suits (textiles) — 0.26% — US$ 231,347,422Combustion engines (machines) — 0.26% — US$ 230,699,901Delivery trucks (transportation) — 0.25% — US$ 222,755,461Aluminium bars (metals) — 0.25% — US$ 222,037,728Raw plastic sheeting (plastics and rubbers) — 0.24% — US$ 220,987,717Other edible preparations (foodstuffs) — 0.24% — US$ 220,697,889Sawn wood (wood products) — 0.24% — US$ 218,924,892Gold (precious metals) — 0.24% — US$ 215,828,872Low-voltage protection equipment (machines) — 0.23% — US$ 206,390,150Other heating machinery (machines) — 0.23% — US$ 205,818,338Textile footwear (footwear and headwear) — 0.22% — US$ 197,872,234Iron fasteners (metals) — 0.21% — US$ 192,244,760Padlocks (metals) — 0.20% — US$ 182,716,758Wheat (vegetable products) — 0.20% — US$ 182,052,087Models and stuffed animals (miscellaneous) — 0.20% — US$ 181,461,303Medical instruments (instruments) — 0.20% — US$ 180,166,257Ethylene polymers (plastics and rubbers) — 0.20% — US$ 176,769,088Revolution counters (instruments) — 0.19% — US$ 169,797,980Metalworking machine parts (machines) — 0.19% — US$ 168,868,603Plastic building materials (plastics and rubbers) — 0.19% — US$ 168,580,177Glass fibers (stone and glass) — 0.19% — US$ 168,368,712Cheese (animal products) — 0.18% — US$ 165,800,553Industrial fatty acids, oils and alcohols (chemical products) — 0.18% — US$ 164,639,254Petroleum gas (mineral products) — 0.18% — US$ 163,203,858Rough wood (wood products) — 0.18% — US$ 158,982,455Refrigerators (machines) — 0.18% — US$ 158,138,723Light fixtures (miscellaneous) — 0.17% — US$ 156,837,386Trailers (transportation) — 0.17% — US$ 156,180,766Wood carpentry (wood products) — 0.17% — US$ 155,358,524Aluminium cans (metals) — 0.17% — US$ 153,461,730Cement (mineral products) — 0.17% — US$ 152,751,598Video and card games (miscellaneous) — 0.16% — US$ 148,607,853Coffee (vegetable products) — 0.16% — US$ 142,353,270Utility meters (instruments) — 0.16% — US$ 142,019,123Other domestic electric housewares (machines) — 0.16% — US$ 141,211,907Semiconductor devices (machines) — 0.15% — US$ 139,323,136Ferroalloys (metals) — 0.15% — US$ 138,830,911Integrated circuits (machines) — 0.15% — US$ 138,392,534Non-knit men's suits (textiles) — 0.15% — US$ 137,083,491Scrap aluminium (metals) — 0.15% — US$ 135,252,732Blank audio media (machines) — 0.15% — US$ 133,997,459Knit t-shirts (textiles) — 0.15% — US$ 133,711,646Printed circuit boards (machines) — 0.15% — US$ 132,926,775Large flat-rolled iron (metals) — 0.15% — US$ 131,240,922Safety glass (stone and glass) — 0.15% — US$ 130,896,168Valves (machines) — 0.14% — US$ 130,235,943Plastic pipes (plastics and rubbers) — 0.14% — US$ 128,377,474Tractors (transportation) — 0.14% — US$ 128,159,455Baked goods (foodstuffs) — 0.14% — US$ 127,969,178Sports equipment (miscellaneous) — 0.14% — US$ 127,465,218Brochures (paper goods) — 0.14% — US$ 124,302,785Sulfate chemical woodpulp (paper goods) — 0.14% — US$ 121,929,238Electric filament (machines) — 0.13% — US$ 117,926,646Polyacetals (plastics and rubbers) — 0.13% — US$ 115,398,995Particle board (wood products) — 0.13% — US$ 115,002,094Industrial printers (machines) — 0.13% — US$ 114,495,891Stranded iron wire (metals) — 0.12% — US$ 109,906,516Plywood (wood products) — 0.12% — US$ 109,406,765Cleaning products (chemical products) — 0.12% — US$ 109,235,213Corn (vegetable products) — 0.12% — US$ 108,223,492Coal tar oil (mineral products) — 0.12% — US$ 108,010,098Shipping containers (transportation) — 0.12% — US$ 107,783,436Electric batteries (machines) — 0.12% — US$ 107,628,947Other plastic sheetings (plastics and rubbers) — 0.12% — US$ 107,441,351Interior decorative glassware (stone and glass) — 0.12% — US$ 104,957,717Non-knit women's suits (textiles) — 0.12% — US$ 104,586,016Other electrical machinery (machines) — 0.12% — US$ 104,099,496Paper containers (paper goods) — 0.12% — US$ 103,905,894Knit socks and hosiery (textiles) — 0.12% — US$ 103,849,247Aluminium structures (metals) — 0.11% — US$ 103,463,525Large coated flat-rolled iron (metals) — 0.11% — US$ 101,540,024Confectionery sugar (foodstuffs) — 0.11% — US$ 100,316,312Rapeseed (vegetable products) — 0.11% — US$ 99,923,731Cranes (machines) — 0.11% — US$ 99,616,812Other measuring instruments (instruments) — 0.11% — US$ 99,230,867Glass mirrors (stone and glass) — 0.11% — US$ 97,841,840Industrial food preperation machinery (machines) — 0.11% — US$ 97,563,337Other engines (machines) — 0.11% — US$ 97,399,218Video recording equipment (machines) — 0.11% — US$ 95,562,106Other cast iron products (metals) — 0.10% — US$ 93,028,373Malt (vegetable products) — 0.10% — US$ 92,175,232Knit sweaters (textiles) — 0.10% — US$ 90,512,730Rubber sheets (plastics and rubbers) — 0.10% — US$ 90,084,223Sausages (foodstuffs) — 0.10% — US$ 89,522,563Non-retail synthetic filament yarn (textiles) — 0.10% — US$ 88,906,495Footwear parts (footwear and headwear) — 0.10% — US$ 88,472,553Blankets (textiles) — 0.10% — US$ 88,262,836Iron stovetops (metals) — 0.10% — US$ 87,518,428Magnesium carbonate (mineral products) — 0.09% — US$ 85,304,681Thermostats (instruments) — 0.09% — US$ 84,801,369Locomotive parts (transportation) — 0.09% — US$ 83,858,675Other sugars (foodstuffs) — 0.09% — US$ 82,510,639Sunflower seeds (vegetable products) — 0.09% — US$ 82,385,542Other leather articles (animal hides) — 0.09% — US$ 82,331,839Poultry meat (animal products) — 0.09% — US$ 82,247,119Glass bottles (stone and glass) — 0.09% — US$ 81,438,883Navigation equipment (machines) — 0.09% — US$ 80,782,278Other small iron pipes (metals) — 0.09% — US$ 80,466,130Milk (animal products) — 0.09% — US$ 80,253,424Flat-rolled iron (metals) — 0.09% — US$ 79,738,474Trunks and cases (animal hides) — 0.09% — US$ 78,353,540Washing and bottling machines (machines) — 0.09% — US$ 77,279,231Electric motor parts (machines) — 0.08% — US$ 76,192,563Cement articles (stone and glass) — 0.08% — US$ 75,711,771Scrap copper (metals) — 0.08% — US$ 75,511,522Tanned equine and bovine hides (animal hides) — 0.08% — US$ 75,479,294Alcohol > 80% abv (foodstuffs) — 0.08% — US$ 74,932,741Electric soldering equipment (machines) — 0.08% — US$ 74,156,632Liquid dispersing machines (machines) — 0.08% — US$ 73,181,477Pens (miscellaneous) — 0.08% — US$ 71,729,241Pigs (animal products) — 0.08% — US$ 71,034,791Iron blocks (metals) — 0.08% — US$ 69,340,160Interchangeable tool parts (metals) — 0.08% — US$ 68,249,194Monofilament (plastics and rubbers) — 0.08% — US$ 67,752,412Uncoated kraft paper (paper goods) — 0.07% — US$ 67,262,962Semi-finished iron (metals) — 0.07% — US$ 67,256,858Gas and liquid flow measuring instruments (instruments) — 0.07% — US$ 67,017,156Beauty products (chemical products) — 0.07% — US$ 66,230,509Coin (precious metals) — 0.07% — US$ 65,636,016Cyclic hydrocarbons (chemical products) — 0.07% — US$ 63,899,113Non-retail synthetic staple fibers yarn (textiles) — 0.07% — US$ 63,717,680Stone processing machines (machines) — 0.07% — US$ 63,164,526Bovine (animal products) — 0.07% — US$ 62,392,231Non-mechanical removal machinery (machines) — 0.07% — US$ 61,201,839Light rubberized knitted fabric (textiles) — 0.07% — US$ 61,138,479Fuel wood (wood products) — 0.07% — US$ 60,988,954Electrical power accessories (machines) — 0.07% — US$ 60,755,753Soups and broths (foodstuffs) — 0.07% — US$ 60,397,799Explosive ammunition (weapons) — 0.07% — US$ 60,208,108Rubber pipes (plastics and rubbers) — 0.07% — US$ 59,253,166Radio receivers (machines) — 0.06% — US$ 58,154,819Iron cloth (metals) — 0.06% — US$ 57,904,955Other agricultural machinery (machines) — 0.06% — US$ 57,304,233Prefabricated buildings (miscellaneous) — 0.06% — US$ 56,391,198Precious metal scraps (precious metals) — 0.06% — US$ 55,494,087Forging machines (machines) — 0.06% — US$ 52,949,318Pig meat (animal products) — 0.06% — US$ 52,581,237Platinum (precious metals) — 0.06% — US$ 52,023,421Non-knit women's coats (textiles) — 0.06% — US$ 51,998,243Audio alarms (machines) — 0.06% — US$ 51,809,134Wood crates (wood products) — 0.06% — US$ 51,206,994Iron springs (metals) — 0.06% — US$ 50,847,013Knit women's undergarments (textiles) — 0.06% — US$ 50,628,242Bi-wheel vehicle parts (transportation) — 0.06% — US$ 50,355,686Hair products (chemical products) — 0.06% — US$ 50,209,253Rock wool (stone and glass) — 0.06% — US$ 49,813,252Shaving products (chemical products) — 0.05% — US$ 49,073,036Raw sugar (foodstuffs) — 0.05% — US$ 48,792,319Refractory bricks (stone and glass) — 0.05% — US$ 48,606,554Metal molds (machines) — 0.05% — US$ 47,849,432Fairground amusements (miscellaneous) — 0.05% — US$ 47,306,346Amine compounds (chemical products) — 0.05% — US$ 46,319,474Antiknock (chemical products) — 0.05% — US$ 45,675,699Other cloth articles (textiles) — 0.05% — US$ 45,312,884House linens (textiles) — 0.05% — US$ 45,229,622Blood, antisera, vaccines, toxins and cultures (chemical products) — 0.05% — US$ 44,268,911Carbides (chemical products) — 0.05% — US$ 44,134,218Mattresses (miscellaneous) — 0.05% — US$ 43,995,089Polyamides (plastics and rubbers) — 0.05% — US$ 43,134,691Other large iron pipes (metals) — 0.05% — US$ 42,810,509Raw zinc (metals) — 0.05% — US$ 42,397,143Amino-resins (plastics and rubbers) — 0.05% — US$ 41,714,890Starch residue (foodstuffs) — 0.05% — US$ 41,200,667Plastic housewares (plastics and rubbers) — 0.05% — US$ 40,882,484Other stone articles (stone and glass) — 0.05% — US$ 40,697,173Recovered paper (paper goods) — 0.04% — US$ 40,322,454Metal stoppers (metals) — 0.04% — US$ 40,302,210Electrical ignitions (machines) — 0.04% — US$ 39,870,897Non-knit women's shirts (textiles) — 0.04% — US$ 38,860,974Compounded unvulcanised rubber (plastics and rubbers) — 0.04% — US$ 38,179,607X-ray equipment (instruments) — 0.04% — US$ 37,503,208Rubber belting (plastics and rubbers) — 0.04% — US$ 37,230,806Non-knit active wear (textiles) — 0.04% — US$ 37,114,285Shaped paper (paper goods) — 0.04% — US$ 36,956,360Iron housewares (metals) — 0.04% — US$ 36,874,075Other printed material (paper goods) — 0.04% — US$ 36,826,944Other knit garments (textiles) — 0.04% — US$ 36,765,742Bicycles (transportation) — 0.04% — US$ 36,341,197Poultry (animal products) — 0.04% — US$ 36,300,341Non-knit men's shirts (textiles) — 0.04% — US$ 35,983,759Gelatin (chemical products) — 0.04% — US$ 35,895,514Flavored water (foodstuffs) — 0.04% — US$ 35,768,877Iron pipe fittings (metals) — 0.04% — US$ 35,558,122Carbon (chemical products) — 0.04% — US$ 35,450,535Sauces and seasonings (foodstuffs) — 0.04% — US$ 34,795,958Gas turbines (machines) — 0.04% — US$ 34,719,050Metal insulating fittings (machines) — 0.04% — US$ 34,605,047Razor blades (metals) — 0.04% — US$ 34,077,953Aluminium housewares (metals) — 0.04% — US$ 33,430,443Non-knit men's coats (textiles) — 0.04% — US$ 33,258,385Other prepared meat (foodstuffs) — 0.04% — US$ 33,181,308Dictation machines (machines) — 0.04% — US$ 32,794,813Wheat flours (vegetable products) — 0.04% — US$ 32,669,551Petroleum coke (mineral products) — 0.04% — US$ 32,617,293Nucleic acids (chemical products) — 0.04% — US$ 32,608,172Metal lathes (machines) — 0.04% — US$ 32,121,804Wine (foodstuffs) — 0.03% — US$ 31,444,389Base metal watches (instruments) — 0.03% — US$ 31,339,563Lighters (miscellaneous) — 0.03% — US$ 30,904,786Eggs (animal products) — 0.03% — US$ 30,603,560Self-adhesive plastics (plastics and rubbers) — 0.03% — US$ 30,589,778Inedible fats and oils (animal and vegetable bi-products) — 0.03% — US$ 30,309,229Hard liquor (foodstuffs) — 0.03% — US$ 30,143,708Newspapers (paper goods) — 0.03% — US$ 28,963,390Knit babies' garments (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 28,933,976Asphalt (stone and glass) — 0.03% — US$ 28,725,378Technical use textiles (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 28,403,194Chemical analysis instruments (instruments) — 0.03% — US$ 27,888,749Oscilloscopes (instruments) — 0.03% — US$ 27,681,790Electromagnets (machines) — 0.03% — US$ 27,550,523Perfumes (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 27,389,681Ink (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 27,241,212Organic composite solvents (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 27,032,367Mirrors and lenses (instruments) — 0.03% — US$ 26,825,283Crude petroleum (mineral products) — 0.03% — US$ 26,365,844Other processed fruits and nuts (foodstuffs) — 0.03% — US$ 26,343,711Buses (transportation) — 0.03% — US$ 26,213,845Other wood articles (wood products) — 0.03% — US$ 25,994,878Electrical parts (machines) — 0.03% — US$ 25,778,767Knit men's undergarments (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 25,524,673Aluminium plating (metals) — 0.03% — US$ 25,442,796Acyclic alcohols (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 25,242,990Plastic coated textile fabric (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 25,230,773Motorcycles (transportation) — 0.03% — US$ 25,130,026Used clothing (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 25,036,264Large flat-rolled stainless steel (metals) — 0.03% — US$ 25,008,456Malt extract (foodstuffs) — 0.03% — US$ 24,495,390Organo-sulfur compounds (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 24,421,144Other steel bars (metals) — 0.03% — US$ 24,089,469Bananas (vegetable products) — 0.03% — US$ 23,897,904Small iron containers (metals) — 0.03% — US$ 23,897,114Soil preparation machinery (machines) — 0.03% — US$ 23,652,193Coke (mineral products) — 0.03% — US$ 23,514,283Other zinc products (metals) — 0.03% — US$ 23,461,358Woodworking machines (machines) — 0.03% — US$ 23,386,851Scrap plastic (plastics and rubbers) — 0.03% — US$ 23,370,212Vehicle chassis (transportation) — 0.03% — US$ 23,356,210Twine and rope (textiles) — 0.03% — US$ 23,336,557Non-iron and steel slag, ash and residues (mineral products) — 0.03% — US$ 23,049,905Pesticides (chemical products) — 0.03% — US$ 22,863,868Soybeans (vegetable products) — 0.03% — US$ 22,775,609Other mineral (mineral products) — 0.03% — US$ 22,681,560Shaped wood (wood products) — 0.03% — US$ 22,653,058Prepared rubber accelerators (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 22,484,418Narrow woven fabric (textiles) — 0.02% — US$ 22,204,771Plastic wash basins (plastics and rubbers) — 0.02% — US$ 22,186,054Animal food (foodstuffs) — 0.02% — US$ 21,985,369Felt or coated fabric garments (textiles) — 0.02% — US$ 21,922,287Unpackaged medicaments (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 21,392,234Facial tissue (paper goods) — 0.02% — US$ 21,351,354Other oily seeds (vegetable products) — 0.02% — US$ 21,143,360Other paper machinery (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 20,879,032Other animals (animal products) — 0.02% — US$ 20,806,409Cellulose fibers paper (paper goods) — 0.02% — US$ 20,802,199Glaziers putty (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 20,592,666Other hand tools (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 20,582,951Steam boilers (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 20,516,021Safes (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 20,405,124Copper pipes (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 20,396,664Specialized vehicles (transportation) — 0.02% — US$ 20,360,055Animal meal and pellets (foodstuffs) — 0.02% — US$ 20,118,778Dextrins (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 20,023,915Fermented milk products (animal products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,974,683Other copper products (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 19,895,518Veneer sheets (wood products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,644,091Traffic signals (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 19,635,250Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,471,849Iron radiators (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 19,462,883Handguns (weapons) — 0.02% — US$ 19,448,006Other live plants (vegetable products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,428,128Laboratory reagents (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,418,827Vinyl chloride polymers (plastics and rubbers) — 0.02% — US$ 19,014,114Ink ribbons (miscellaneous) — 0.02% — US$ 18,812,025Brooms (miscellaneous) — 0.02% — US$ 18,607,975Cocoa paste (foodstuffs) — 0.02% — US$ 18,562,069Metalworking transfer machines (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 18,324,177Letter stock (paper goods) — 0.02% — US$ 18,271,179Paper labels (paper goods) — 0.02% — US$ 18,258,922Non-woven textiles (textiles) — 0.02% — US$ 18,199,317Scales (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 17,962,280Self-propelled rail transport (transportation) — 0.02% — US$ 17,947,314Sodium or potassium peroxides (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 17,756,899Quicklime (mineral products) — 0.02% — US$ 17,524,560Iron gas containers (metals) — 0.02% — US$ 17,277,928Military weapons (weapons) — 0.02% — US$ 17,039,704Other women's undergarments (textiles) — 0.02% — US$ 16,592,527Wood stakes (wood products) — 0.02% — US$ 16,461,370Vacuum cleaners (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 16,365,041Seed oils (animal and vegetable bi-products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,713,549Armored vehicles (transportation) — 0.02% — US$ 15,633,168Reaction and catalytic products (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,627,413Zinc oxide and peroxide (chemical products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,588,917Other vegetable residues (foodstuffs) — 0.02% — US$ 15,587,085Tar (mineral products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,536,473Large construction vehicles (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 15,534,519Animal organs (animal products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,424,084Starches (vegetable products) — 0.02% — US$ 15,169,850Electrical insulators (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 15,077,422Electrical capacitors (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 14,872,773Precious metal ore (mineral products) — 0.02% — US$ 14,861,163Barley (vegetable products) — 0.02% — US$ 14,797,451Party decorations (miscellaneous) — 0.02% — US$ 14,739,711Precious metal watches (instruments) — 0.02% — US$ 14,590,652Photo lab equipment (instruments) — 0.02% — US$ 14,338,757Cameras (instruments) — 0.02% — US$ 14,110,560Orthopedic appliances (instruments) — 0.02% — US$ 14,024,390Styrene polymers (plastics and rubbers) — 0.02% — US$ 13,843,374Pulley systems (machines) — 0.02% — US$ 13,807,059Fruit juice (foodstuffs) — 0.02% — US$ 13,793,020Clays (mineral products) — 0.02% — US$ 13,725,305Synthetic filament yarn woven fabric (textiles) — 0.02% — US$ 13,611,565Large iron containers (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 13,434,167Paper notebooks (paper goods) — 0.01% — US$ 13,266,200Fork-lifts (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 13,244,344Refractory cements (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 13,215,845Textile processing machines (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 13,215,192Insulating glass (stone and glass) — 0.01% — US$ 13,197,936Knitting machine accessories (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 13,072,872Cutting blades (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 12,968,892Knitted hats (footwear and headwear) — 0.01% — US$ 12,710,511Lcds (instruments) — 0.01% — US$ 12,524,656Copper plating (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 12,400,594Apples and pears (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 12,360,318Candles (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 12,280,016Soldering and welding machinery (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 12,001,788Antibiotics (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,964,467Glues (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,677,324Tomatoes (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,604,393Nonaqueous paints (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,597,135Print production machinery (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 11,488,115Refined copper (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 11,487,877Ammonia (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,362,874Electrical resistors (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 11,338,397Bran (foodstuffs) — 0.01% — US$ 11,305,143Other processed vegetables (foodstuffs) — 0.01% — US$ 11,263,328Artificial graphite (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,246,297Mill machinery (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 11,228,488Other nuts (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,209,202Waterproof footwear (footwear and headwear) — 0.01% — US$ 11,050,969Soap (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 11,036,749Wooden tool handles (wood products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,977,247Dried fruits (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,911,015Pencils and crayons (miscellaneous) — 0.01% — US$ 10,828,645Cathode tubes (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 10,803,749Papermaking machines (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 10,796,048Other footwear (footwear and headwear) — 0.01% — US$ 10,794,653Coffee and tea extracts (foodstuffs) — 0.01% — US$ 10,792,840Other fermented beverages (foodstuffs) — 0.01% — US$ 10,780,307Gaskets (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 10,775,344Frozen vegetables (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,578,810Other stainless steel bars (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 10,574,591Other vegetables (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,573,184Wood ornaments (wood products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,433,300Boat propellers (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 10,397,787Tropical fruits (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,309,025Planes, helicopters, and/or spacecraft (transportation) — 0.01% — US$ 10,188,840Vegetable alkaloids (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 10,060,748Medical furniture (miscellaneous) — 0.01% — US$ 9,989,864Other inorganic acids (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,986,589Other synthetic fabrics (textiles) — 0.01% — US$ 9,954,078Hair trimmers (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 9,925,054Knit men's shirts (textiles) — 0.01% — US$ 9,845,923Coated metal soldering products (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 9,844,142Concentrated milk (animal products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,827,779Copper bars (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 9,723,644Onions (vegetable products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,696,427Iron railway products (metals) — 0.01% — US$ 9,693,323Antifreeze (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,654,049Ceramic bricks (stone and glass) — 0.01% — US$ 9,650,436Gravel and crushed stone (mineral products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,645,796Hydrometers (instruments) — 0.01% — US$ 9,622,776Tufted carpets (textiles) — 0.01% — US$ 9,603,082Knit active wear (textiles) — 0.01% — US$ 9,496,496Kaolin coated paper (paper goods) — 0.01% — US$ 9,366,260Aqueous paints (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,362,547Prepared cereals (foodstuffs) — 0.01% — US$ 9,359,642Conveyor belt textiles (textiles) — 0.01% — US$ 9,202,153Porcelain tableware (stone and glass) — 0.01% — US$ 9,193,728Motor-working tools (machines) — 0.01% — US$ 9,130,500Lubricating products (chemical products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,122,758Limestone (mineral products) — 0.01% — US$ 9,040,828Values below 0.01% (metals) — 0.25% — US$ 221,709,981Values below 0.01% (chemical products) — 0.23% — US$ 206,697,104Values below 0.01% (textiles) — 0.20% — US$ 183,567,900Values below 0.01% (machines) — 0.19% — US$ 169,589,508Values below 0.01% (vegetable products) — 0.12% — US$ 107,125,118Values below 0.01% (instruments) — 0.11% — US$ 102,652,256Values below 0.01% (foodstuffs) — 0.08% — US$ 71,710,731Values below 0.01% (animal products) — 0.07% — US$ 61,593,001Values below 0.01% (plastics and rubbers) — 0.06% — US$ 58,530,289Values below 0.01% (stone and glass) — 0.06% — US$ 51,027,265Values below 0.01% (mineral products) — 0.05% — US$ 49,223,819Values below 0.01% (transportation) — 0.05% — US$ 43,400,499Values below 0.01% (animal and vegetable bi-products) — 0.05% — US$ 41,941,582Values below 0.01% (paper goods) — 0.03% — US$ 30,151,180Values below 0.01% (animal hides) — 0.03% — US$ 30,064,404Values below 0.01% (footwear and headwear) — 0.03% — US$ 24,787,505Values below 0.01% (precious metals) — 0.03% — US$ 22,848,981Values below 0.01% (miscellaneous) — 0.02% — US$ 21,646,251Values below 0.01% (wood products) — 0.02% — US$ 19,582,551Values below 0.01% (weapons) — 0.01% — US$ 11,931,035
Exports of Slovakia by product category (2019)
  Chemical products
  Transportation
  Machines
  Mineral products
  Plastics and rubbers
  Metals
  Foodstuffs
  Precious metals
  Textiles
  Instruments
  Animal products
  Vegetable products
  Paper goods
  Footwear and headwear
  Miscellaneous
  Stone and glass
  Wood products
  Animal and vegetable bi-products
  Animal hides
  Arts and antiques
  Weapons

Slovakia has an export-oriented economy, with the automotive industry playing a major role in its foreign trade. The country's principal merchandise exports include passenger cars, automotive components, electrical equipment, telecommunications equipment and television receivers. In 2023, merchandise exports totalled US$117.3 billion. Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and France were the largest export markets.[43]

Merchandise imports amounted to US$115.4 billion in 2023. The largest imported products were telecommunications transmission equipment, parts and accessories of motor-vehicle bodies, natural gas, crude petroleum and transmissions for motor vehicles. Germany, the Czech Republic, China and Poland were the largest import partners.[43]

Foreign investments

[edit]

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovakia has increased dramatically. Cheap and skilled labor, a 19% flat tax rate for both businesses and individuals, no dividend taxes, a weak labor code, and a favorable geographical location are Slovakia's main advantages for foreign investors. FDI inflow grew more than 600% from 2000 and cumulatively reached an all-time high of, US$17.3 billion in 2006, or around $18,000 per capita by the end of 2006. The total inflow of FDI in 2006 was $2.54 billion. In October 2005 new investment stimuli introduced – more favorable conditions to IT and research centers, especially to be located in the east part of the country (where there is more unemployment), to bring more added value and not to be logistically demanding.

Origin of foreign investment 1996–2005 – the Netherlands 24.3%; Germany 19.4%, Austria 14.1%; Italy 7.5%, United States (8th largest investor) 4.0%. Top investors by companies: Deutsche Telekom (Germany), Neusiedler (Austria), Gaz de France (France), Gazprom (Russia), U.S.Steel (U.S.), MOL (Hungary), ENEL (Italy), E.ON (Germany).

Foreign investment sectors – industry 38.4%; banking and insurance 22.2%; wholesale and retail trade 13.1%; production of electricity, gas and water 10.5%; transport and telecommunications 9.2%.

Foreign direct investment "on green field"
(US$millions)[needs update]
200320042005
Inflows7561,2611,908
Outflows22144146

Former minister (1998–2002) Brigita Schmögnerová explains that: "There is still a consensus among leaders on social dumping. Since the enlargement of the European Union, foreign companies have been looking for the cheapest labour, but instead of joining forces, governments in the region compete to offer the lowest possible level of taxes. When Slovakia joined the European Union in 2004, it became the first OECD country to introduce a full flat tax rate of 19% on both corporate profits and income or consumer goods. The lack of tax progressivity leads to a sharp increase in inequality. Spending on health, education or housing is below the EU average.[26]

Statistics

[edit]

GDP growth The development of Slovakia's GDP according to the World Bank:[44]

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
% GDP 3.3 4.5 5.5 5.3 6.6 8.5 10.8 5.6 −5.5 6.7 2.7 1.3 0.6 2.7 5.2 1.9 2.9 4.0 2.5 −3.3 4.8 1.9 1.6

Currency switch to the euro

Slovakia switched its currency from the Slovak crown (SK – slovenská koruna) to the Euro on 1 January 2009, at a rate of 30.1260 korunas to the euro.

Foreign trade[45]

Year 2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
Exports € bn 49.539.735.056.862.864.464.873.1274.3583.993.191.286.4
Imports € bn 50.338.834.655.859.260.160.271.0971.4775.283.983.577.8

Companies

[edit]

In December 2025, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Slovakia is Services with 254,314 companies followed by Construction, and Retail Trade with 47,705 and 44,198 companies respectively.[46]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  2. ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  3. ↑ "Stock of population in the SR on 30 June 2024". slovak.statistics.sk. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "IMF DataMapper: Slovakia". International Monetary Fund. 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  5. ↑ "GDP per capita growth (annual %), World Bank Group, accessed July 2026".
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "CIA World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  7. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.
  8. ↑ "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – Slovak Republic". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  9. ↑ "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat.
  10. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat.
  11. 1 2 "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  12. ↑ "Labor force, total – Slovak Republic". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 7 November 2025.
  13. ↑ "Employment rate by sex, age group 20-64". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 7 November 2025.
  14. ↑ "Unemployment by sex and age – monthly average". appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  15. ↑ "Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24)". World Bank Open Data (in Latin). 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  16. 1 2 "Export partners of Slovakia". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 4 February 2026.
  17. 1 2 "Import partners of Slovakia". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 4 February 2026.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Euro area and EU government deficit at 3.1% of GDP". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. 21 October 2025. Retrieved 7 November 2025.
  19. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ↑ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  22. 1 2 Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (15 April 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  23. ↑ "Fitch Downgrades Slovakia to 'A-'; Outlook Stable". www.fitchratings.com.
  24. ↑ "Scope affirms the Republic of Slovakia at A and changes the Outlook to Negative". Scope Ratings. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  25. ↑ "Slovakia remained world's largest car manufacturer per capita". Symsite Research. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  26. 1 2 3 "Hinter Bratislava". 9 November 2017.
  27. ↑ "Economic growth in Slovakia: Past successes and future challenges" (PDF). European Commission. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  28. ↑ "News of the Month" (PDF). International Center for Economic Growth. February 2006. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2007.
  29. ↑ Votruba, Martin. "Regional Wealth". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  30. ↑ "Slovak high tech metallurgy business booms with EU financing". European Investment Bank. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  31. ↑ Adamcová, Eva (26 May 2021). "Small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of the Slovak Republic". Monitoring MSP. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  32. ↑ "Slovensko kraľuje výrobe áut vo svete, dosiahli sme nový rekord" (in Slovak). HNonline. 17 January 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  33. ↑ "Najväčšie firmy na Slovensku: zoradené podľa tržieb". finstat.sk.
  34. ↑ "Firmy na Slovensku zoradené podľa zisku". finstat.sk.
  35. ↑ "Slovakia Architecture and Urban Development Tenders". Global Tenders. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  36. ↑ "Lenovo invests in Slovakia with new jobs". Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency. 20 April 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  37. ↑ "Členovia – Košice IT Valley". kosiceitvalley.sk.
  38. ↑ "Slovakia production in 2018, by FAO".
  39. ↑ "Minimálna mzda 2026". Minimalnamzda.sk. Retrieved 30 January 2026.
  40. ↑ "Priemerná mzda na Slovensku 2025 a 2026". Štatistický úrad SR. Retrieved 30 January 2026.
  41. ↑ "Plat Bratislavský kraj - Platy.sk". Platy.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  42. ↑ "2025 > ÚPSVaR". Ústredie práce, sociálnych vecí a rodiny Slovenskej republiky (in Slovak). 30 January 2026. Retrieved 30 January 2026.
  43. 1 2 "Slovak Republic Trade Summary 2023". World Integrated Trade Solution. World Bank. Retrieved 2 October 2026.
  44. ↑ "GDP growth (annual %)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  45. ↑ "CEE Basic Data – Key economic indicators and forecasts". Ceemarket.com. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  46. ↑ "Slovakia Industry Breakdown: Top Industries & Companies". HitHorizons. 30 January 2026. Retrieved 30 January 2026.
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