Rubutu
 rubutu | |
|---|---|
skill (en)  da hobby (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | hanyar isar da saƙo |
| Amfani | sadarwa |
| Karatun ta | epigraphy (en) da graphology (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) | script directionality (en) da writing style (en) |
| Tarihin maudu'i | history of writing (en) |
| Gudanarwan | marubuci da physician writer (en) |
| Amfani wajen | mutum |
| Uses (en) | writing surface (en) , writing implement (en) da writing technique (en) |
| Stack Exchange site URL (en) | https://writing.stackexchange.com/ |
Rubutu birni ne, ko jiha-birni da ke yankin kudancin Falasdinu tsakanin birnin Gazru - ( Gezer na zamani), da Urushalima a lokacin wasiƙun Amarna, tsawon shekaru 15-20 a kusan 1350 - 1335 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa . Wasu malamai sun sanya Rubutu kusa da Arrabah ta yanzu a arewacin Yammacin Kogin Yamma . Nadav Na'man ya rubuta cewa wannan Rubutu, wanda aka ambata a cikin allunan Ta'anach, shafi ne daban da wanda ke cikin allunan Amarna amma yana da suna iri ɗaya.
Yawancin wasiƙun Amarna an rubuta su ne ga Fir'aunan Tsohuwar Masar, kuma magajin gari uku na Gazru: Abimilku, Milkilu, da Yapahu sun rubuta wasiƙu 20 daga cikin wasiƙun 382 – haruffan Amarna. An sami ambaton Rubutu a cikin haruffa 2 na Abdi-Heba na Urushalima, EA 289, da 290, ( EA don 'el Amarna '). Sun ambaci yaƙin birane daban-daban, Habiru, da kuma: "kwace Rubutu" .
Haruffa 2 na birni-- Rubutu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]EA 289, taken: "An buƙaci lissafi"
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]EA 289 harafi ne mai lamba 5 cikin 6 ga Fir'auna, na Abdi-Heba na Urushalima. Duba: Jami'in Masar: Pawura .
EA 290, taken: "Uku a kan ɗaya"
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasika No. 6 na 6 na Abdi-Heba na Urusalim:
- "[Sa]y [zuwa] sarki-(watau Fir'auna ), ubangijina: Saƙon ['Abdi]-Heba, bawanka. Na faɗi a ƙafafun [sarki], ubangijina, sau 7 da 7. Ga laifin da Milkilu da Šuardatu suka yi a kan ƙasar : a kan ƙasar sarki, ubangijina, sun umarci sojoji daga Gazru, sojoji daga Gimtu, da sojoji daga Qiltu -( Keilah ). Sun kwace Rubutu . Ƙasar sarki ta ɓace ga Hapiru . Kuma yanzu, banda wannan, wani gari na Urushalima -(wanda ake kira Urusalim ), Bit- d NIN.URTA mai suna, birnin sarki, ya wuce zuwa ga mutanen Qiltu. Allah sarki ya kula da Abdi-Heba, bawanka, ya kuma aika da maharba su mayar wa sarki ƙasar sarki. Idan babu maharba, ƙasar sarki za ta ɓace ga Hapiru. Wannan laifin da aka yi wa ƙasar ya kasance [a] tsarin Milki[lu] da kuma tsarin [Šuard]atu, [tare da] Gint[i] -(watau birnin). Don haka sarki ya tanadar wa [ƙasarsa].” -EA 290, layuka 1-30 (cikakke)
Birnin "Bit- d NIN.URTA" yana da alaƙa da cuneiform kamar haka: birni: "Gidan Allah – Ninurta ", ( Bit - d NIN.URTA ).
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Milkilu, magajin garin Gazru
- Šuwardata, magajin gari
- Haruffan Amarna
- Wasikun Amarna - ƙananan hukumomi da masu mulkinsu