ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช

ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช
ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช
ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™
ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืข
ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ืฉื˜ื— B
ืžื™ืงื•ื
ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืฉืจืืœย ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”
ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ืช 31ยฐ38โ€ฒ44โ€ณN 35ยฐ14โ€ฒ56โ€ณE๏ปฟ / ๏ปฟ31.645652ยฐN 35.249ยฐE๏ปฟ / 31.645652; 35.249
(ืœืžืคืช ื”ืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื”)
ย 
ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช
ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช
ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช

ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืงื˜ืข ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— B, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืื• ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข.[1]

ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืคืจืฆื• ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื”, ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžืคืขืœื™ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืกื›ื.[2] ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“-ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— C. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื—ืชื ืืœื•ืฃ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืขืœ "ืฆื• ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืžื ืฉืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื" ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ, ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืคืขืœื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืžื ื” ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืื• ื™ืคืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื•", ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื— C.[3]

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™

ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1993 ื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื ื—ื•ืœืงื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ A,โ€ B ื•-C, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื˜ื— A ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ืฉื˜ื— B ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืฉื˜ื— C ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 12% ืžืฉื˜ื— C ืœืฉื˜ื— B, ื›ืืฉืจ 3% ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื˜ื— B ื–ื” ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื›ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืื• ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื; ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื”, ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉืš.[1]

ืขื“ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ืฉื˜ื— B, ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื” ื“ืจืฉื” ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.[4][5][6] ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉืจืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ื”ืจืก ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข. ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืชืจื™ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฆื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืœื™ื.[7]

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช ื ืคืจืฆื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.[7] ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื ืกืจื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื•ืื‘ืง ื”ืžื ืกืจื•ืช ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”. ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืืชืจื™ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœืช, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืชืจื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื.[7]

ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ 2016 ื ื™ืกืชื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืคืขืœ ืžืœื˜ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื ื—ืœ ื—ืฆืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— 3,500 ื“ื•ื ื, ืื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืฉืื™ื“ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืขืจื‘ ืืœ ืจืืฉื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ืคื ื™ื™ืชื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื›ืœ.[8][9][10][11]

ื‘-2017 ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™, ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื—ืœ ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช.[12]

ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื ื—ืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื” ื ื–ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืœ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืขืคืจ. ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ ื–ื—ืœ ื•ื‘ืื’ืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืจืก ืœื ื ืฉืื• ืคืจื™.[13]

ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช. ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023.
ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™
ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช 2025. ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืœืคื™ ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื’ื‘ื™ื, ืžืื– 2009, ื‘ื” ืคืจืกื ืกืœืื ืคื™ืื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™, ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืื“, ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืกืœื™ืœืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™.[14] ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2020 ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืขืœ 500 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืขื“ 2022 ื ื‘ื ื• ืกื”"ื› ื›-2,000 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื.[15]

ื‘-2023 ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื—"ื› ื™ื•ืœื™ ืื“ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—"ื› ืœื™ืžื•ืจ ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืจ-ืžืœืš ื•ื—"ื› ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื•ื˜ืžืŸ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—"ื› ืขืžื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™, ื—"ื› ืื•ื”ื“ ื˜ืœ, ื—"ื› ืืชื™ ืขื˜ื™ื” ื•ื—"ื› ืืจื™ืืœ ืงืœื ืจ, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื•"ืจ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื™ืฉ"ืข ืฉืœืžื” ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ืจื’ื‘ื™ื, ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื”.[16] ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜,[17] ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื›ื ืก ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.[18]

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2024 ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืืฅ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืชื—ื ื ื•ืคืฉ ืขื ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.[19][20] ื‘-21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2024 ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื”.[21]

ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช, ืœื™ื“ ื–ืขืชืจื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื ื—ืœ ื“ืจื’ื”.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื”

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘-27 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2024, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืจืช ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ืื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื[22] ื‘-18 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื—ืชื ืืœื•ืฃ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื– ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื•, ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”.[23]

ืื›ื™ืคื”

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘-12 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2024 ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืœืฆื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช.[24]

ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ

ืžืื—ื–ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— B, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2024 ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืื—ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืขืจื™ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช.

ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืขืจื‘ื™ื ื ื˜ืฉื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืขื ื ืขืจื™ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ืžืงื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืื—ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื”ืžืื—ื–ื™ื ื ื”ืจืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื ื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ื”ืจืกื• ืฉื•ื‘.[25][26]

ืจืื• ื’ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  1. 1 2 ืžื–ื›ืจ ื•ื•ืื™ (1998), ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื–'ื ื‘ื”, โ€21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2023
  2. โ†‘ ืžืคื’ืขื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, โ€ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024
  3. โ†‘ ืžื ืฉืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ)(ืžืก' 7')(ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ) ื”ืชืฉืค"ื“-2024
  4. โ†‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ื•ื˜ืจืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, โ€ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื: ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, 18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2022
  5. โ†‘ ืคืจื•ืค' ืืจื™ื” ืืœื“ื“, โ€ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื” ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ืจื• ืืœื™ื•, ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, 26 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019
  6. โ†‘ Justus Weiner, Co-Existence Without Conflict: The Implementation of Legal Structures for Israeli-Palestinian Cooperation Pursuant to the Interim Peace Agreements, Brooklyn Journal of International Law 26, 2000-12-01
  7. 1 2 3 ืฆืคืจื™ืจ ืจื™ื ืช, ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืฉืžืžื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, 23 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2006
  8. โ†‘ ืงืจื ื™ ืืœื“ื“, โ€ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื™ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืืคื•ืจ: ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, 4 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016
  9. โ†‘ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืคืขืœ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ynet, 4 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016
  10. โ†‘ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ,ย ื›ืš ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉ"ืค ืขืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 15 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016
  11. โ†‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ,ย ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืขื–ืจื” ืž'ืจื’ื‘ื™ื' ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉ"ืค, ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 6 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016
  12. โ†‘ ืื™ืœื ื” ืงื•ืจื™ืืœ, ื–ื™ื”ืžื• ืืช ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื ื—ืœ ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช - ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืขื ืฉื•, ื‘ืืชืจ ynet, 2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2017
  13. โ†‘ ืืคืจืช ืคื•ืจืฉืจ, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืคืขืœ ื‘"ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช" ื ื’ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, 15 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017
  14. โ†‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืœืจโ€, ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืขื™ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื•ืืœื”, 28 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023
  15. โ†‘ ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื’ื‘ื™ื, ืขืž' 22
  16. โ†‘ ื—ื–ืงื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš,ย ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืืจื—ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช: "ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืงืฉื”", ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 21 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023
  17. โ†‘ "ืืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”": ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืชืจ ืื™ื™ืก, 26 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023
  18. โ†‘ ื‘ื ืฆื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, โ€ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ื›ื ืก ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืก 'ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช' ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืชืจ "ืกืจื•ื’ื™ื", 27 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023
  19. โ†‘ "ืžื—ื“ืœ ื•ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช": ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 19 ื‘ืžืื™ 2024
  20. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช: ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื ื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืืชืจ JDNโ€
  21. โ†‘ ื—ื–ืงื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš,ย ืžื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ืกืžื•ืš ืœื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ?, ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2024
  22. โ†‘ ืกื•ืœื™ืžืืŸ ืžืกื•ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื™ืœื™ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืฉืจ: ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืื—ื–ื™ื, ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืืŸ โ€“ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, 27 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2024
  23. โ†‘ ื—ื–ืงื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš,ย ืคืจืกื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืืœื•ืฃ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื– ื—ืชื ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7, 18 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024
  24. โ†‘ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฆื”"ืœ ืื›ืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ - ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืืชืจ ynet, 12 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2024
  25. โ†‘ ืืชืจ ืœืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื’ืจ ืฉื™ื–ืฃ, ื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•, ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืฉืจ - ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื—ืœ ืœื–ื—ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืฉื˜ื— B, ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, 22 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2024
  26. โ†‘ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื™ืจื“, ืžืื—ื– ืžืงื ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื‘ืืชืจ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, โ€13 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2024
ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื”_ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ืช&oldid=43982170"