ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื™ื•ืžืŸ (ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช)

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช
ื™ื•ืžืŸ
ืกืžืœื™ืœ "ื™ื•ืžืŸ"
ืกืžืœื™ืœ "ื™ื•ืžืŸ"
ืกื•ื’ื” ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื”
ืืจืฅ ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืฉืจืืœย ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืฉืคื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
ื”ืคืงื”
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืงื” ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืจื™ ืœื•ื™
ืื•ืจืš ืคืจืง 92 ื“ืงื•ืช
ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ
ืจืฉืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ
ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช 17 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1987 โ€“ 5 ื‘ืžืื™ 2017
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
ื“ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘-IMDb
ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช

"ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ.

ืžืฉื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื ืงืจื "ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช" ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1987[1], ืื– ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื•ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ื™ื•ืžืŸ"[2]. ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื“ืจ ื ื•ืชืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช: ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืžื‘ื–ืง ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื“ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคืื ืœ ื”ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ, ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื“ืจื” ื‘-5 ื‘ืžืื™ 2017. ื‘-9 ื‘ืžืื™ ื ืงื‘ืข, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื ืก ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™, ืœืงืจืืช ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืชืฉื•ื“ืจ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžื‘ื˜" ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืื—ืจื™ื”, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื“ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ื™ืฆื, ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ืœื ื ืืžืจื• ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘-9 ื‘ืžืื™ ืžืกืจื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš "ืžื‘ื˜", ืฉืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืขืžืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืช ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื”ื‘ืื”.

ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ, "ื›ืืŸ 11" ื”ืขืœื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข", ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื” "ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข" ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, "ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™", ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ"ื™ื•ืžืŸ". ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ ื•ืชืžืจ ืืœืžื•ื’, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ".

ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื’ืœ, ื™ื’ืืœ ืจื‘ื™ื“ ื•ืื•ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื-ื ืฉื™ืืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2001, ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื™ืœื ื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื-ื ืฉื™ืืœ, ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื”[3]. ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2008, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›-6 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื ื—ืชื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื‘ืŸ[4]. ืื™ื™ืœื” ื—ืกื•ืŸ-ื ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008 ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2010, ืขืช ืคืจืฉ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืžื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืกื•ืŸ-ื ืฉืจ ื ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ื” ื›ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”[5]. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2015 ืขื‘ืจื” ืื™ืœื” ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 13 (ืื– ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 10) ื•ืžืื– ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื“ื“ ืฉื—ืจ[6]. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2016 ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืžืจ ืืœืžื•ื’ ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘.

ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ืขืจื™, ืืœื™ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ื’ืœืžืŸ[7], ืขื ืช ืฉืจืŸ[8] ื•ืžืฉื” ื ืกื˜ืœื‘ืื•ื. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืคืจืฉืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืขื“ ืœืžืขื‘ืจื• ืœืขืจื•ืฅ 2 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • "ื™ื•ืžืŸ", ื‘ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขื™ื™ื IMDb (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช)

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  1. โ†‘ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืฉื™ 10.4.87, ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ (ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช)
  2. โ†‘ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืฉื™ 17.4.87, ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ (ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช)
  3. โ†‘ ืื™ืœื ื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ", ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, 23 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2001
  4. โ†‘ "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืคืื ืœ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ 1, ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, 23 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2002
  5. โ†‘ ืœื™-ืื•ืจ ืื‘ืจื‘ืš, โ€ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ 1, ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก, 19 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010
  6. โ†‘ ืืชืจ ืœืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืงืจ, ืžื›ื” ืœืขืจื•ืฅ 1: ืื™ื™ืœื” ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 10, ื‘ืืชืจ TheMarkerโ€, 17 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2015
  7. โ†‘ ืืœื™ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ื’ืœืžืŸ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ", ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, 20 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2003
  8. โ†‘ ืœื™-ืื•ืจ ืื‘ืจื‘ืš, โ€ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ: ืขื ืช ืฉืจืŸ ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ 1, ื‘ืืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก, 28 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2014