ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืื–ื ื™ื (ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช)

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช
ืžืื–ื ื™ื
Mzฬ•nym
ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช 1928โ€“ื”ื•ื•ื” (ื›ึพ98 ืฉื ื™ื)
ืชื•ื›ืŸ
ืฉืคื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช
ISSN 0027-2892
ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง
ืขื•ืจืš ืชืžืจ ืžืจื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ
ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืฆื”
ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ
ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื
ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช
ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืฃ ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, 14 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1929

ืžึนืื–ึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1928 ื‘ืืกืคืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื, "ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื", ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืขื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืžึนืื–ึฐื ึทื™ึดื" ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื‘-15 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1929. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™"ื“ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ืคื™ืฉืœ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืฆื“ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืคื™ื›ืžืŸ ื•ืฉืœืžื” ืฆืžื—. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื ืืžื ื”, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” โ€“ ื‘ืื” ื”ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช".

ืขื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžึนืื–ึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ืžื ื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืœื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’, ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจื™ื‘, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื™ื›ืœื™, ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืื•ื›ืžื ื™, ืง"ื ื‘ืจืชื™ื ื™, ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืกื—, ืื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืชื ื, ืืฉืจ ืจื™ื™ืš, ืžืฉื” ื‘ืŸ-ืฉืื•ืœ, ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ, ืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืžืŸ, ืžืฉื” ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืžืชืŸ ื—ืจืžื•ื ื™, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืฉืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜. ื›ื™ื•ื (2026) ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืชืžืจ ืžืจื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ.[1]

ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืจืฆ"ื“ ื”ืคืš ืœื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื— ืขื“ ืœื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉ"ื— ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ืœืื•ืจ ื ืคืกืงื” ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช ืชืฉื˜"ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ ื›ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ.

ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื" ืขืžื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื", ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช:

ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื" (ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช"), ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช", ืฉืœ ืื™ืคื•ืง ื•ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ "ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช". ืขืœ "ืื•ื•ื™ืจื”" ื–ื• ืฉืžืจื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฉื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืขืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื” "ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช" ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืœื” ืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™-ืขืจื‘, ื ืฉืื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ื”ืชื’ืื• ื‘ื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” "ืกื›ืจ" ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“-ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืš-ืืจืฅ ื›ืœืคื™ "ืžืกื•ืจืช".

โ€” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืžื•ืจื”, 'ืžื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ: ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ื‘ืœ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื"', ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืžื—, 6โ€“5 (ืชืฉืœ"ื˜, ืžืื™ 1979), 102

ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืžื—, 6โ€“5 (ืชืฉืœ"ื˜, ืžืื™ 1979) โ€“ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ (ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ JSTOR):
  • ืžืื–ื ื™ื ื ื•, 2 (ืชืฉืž"ื’):
    • ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื’ืœืขื“, 'ื.ื“. ืฉืคื™ืจ ื›ืขื•ืจืš "ืžืื–ื ื™ื"', 42โ€“43.
    • ื™ื•ืจื ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, 'ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืืฉ, ื”ื’ื•ืืœ, ืœืฉื•ื‘ (ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื"ื“ ืฉืคื™ืจ)', 44โ€“45. (ืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืืžืจื™ื• "ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื”ื™ื”" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืก"ื•), 202โ€“206)
  • ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืคืœื“, 'ืžืื–ื ื™ื โ€“ ืกื’ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช? (ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื)', ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืกื“, 1โ€“2 (ืชืฉืž"ื˜โ€“ืชืฉ"ืŸ), 6โ€“10.
  • ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืžื“, 'ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ โ€“ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื": (80 ืฉื ื” ืœ"ืžืื–ื ื™ื", ื›ืชื‘-ื”ืขืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘)', ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืคื‘, 3โ€“4 (ืชืฉืก"ื˜), 64โ€“65.
  • ืžืฉื” ื’ืจื ื•ืช (ืขื•ืจืš), ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืื–ื ื™ื: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืœืืช 80 ืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ืื•ืŸ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉ"ืข
    • ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื•ืœืŸ, '"ืžืื–ื ื™ื": ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœื• ื”-80', 21โ€“28.
    • ื™ืขืจื” ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, "ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ"ย : ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ "ืžืื–ื ื™ื" ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœืขื•ืœืžื, 91โ€“85.
    • ื ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, "ืชืงืœื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” - ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืžืื–ื ื™ื", ื›ื•ื ืก: 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื”', ื›ืจืš ื•, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืข"ื” 2015, ืขืž' 199 - 202.
    • ื ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, "'ืžืื–ื ื™ื' ืฉืœืคื ื™ 'ืžืื–ื ื™ื'". ื‘ืชื•ืš: 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื”', ื›ืจืš ื˜, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื• 2026, ืขืž' 162 - 178.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ | ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  1. โ†‘ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืž-5 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019. ืื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘-15 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019.