List of Title Word Abbreviations

Probably standard ISO-4 abbreviation:

Unused patterns that could match as compound words:

Some caveats:

Sometimes the LTWA only includes an entry that should be inflected (if equilibria is not abbreviated, check equilibrium).
Look for compounds words (if bioengineering is not abbreviated, check if engineering appears on the list of possible compounds).
Names of persons should not be abbreviated, even if they match.
Every rule applies to every language (not only those listed). However, if two rules contradict, check the languages column to see which meaning was intended (e.g. Real sociedad vs Real number).

See the ISO-4 for general rules, e.g.:

articles, conjunctions and prepositions are omitted (except prepositions at the beginning, like From zero to hero, or locutions like in vivo);
commas are removed, periods are replaced by commas, other punctuation is preserved;
capitalization is not specified;
diacritics are left as in the original title;
words like Part, Series, Section should be omitted;
single word titles (possibly with an article or preposition) are not abbreviated;
n.a. or – means not abbreviated.

Based on the 2024 version of the LTWA (latest as of 2025-06-29).

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