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Zeus

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Zeus (/zjuːs/, Ancient Greek: Ζεύς)[a] waa Ilaaha ugu sarreeya ay aaminsan yihiin ee pantheon-ka Giriigga. Waa Ilaah samada (Aabbaha samada) iyo Ilaaha hillaaca (ilaah onkod) ee diinta Giriigga ee hore iyo khuraafaadka Giriigga, kaas oo u xukuma sida boqorka ilaahyada dusha Buur Olympus.

Zeus waa wiilka ay dhaleen Cronus iyo Rhea. Dhaqamada badankood, waxaa uu u dhaxeeyaa Hera, taas oo ay badanaa dhashay Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, iyo Hephaestus.[1][2] Xarumaha la-tashiga ee Dodona, xaaskiisa waxaa la oran jiray in ay aheyd Dione,[3] taas oo uu buugga Iliad sheegayo in uu ka dhalay Aphrodite.[6] Sida uu qabo buugga Theogony, xaaskii ugu horreysay ee Zeus waxay aheyd Metis, taas oo ay u dhashay Athena.[7] Zeus wuxuu kaloo caan ku ahaa loolankiisa jacaylka. Kuwaas waxaa ka dhashay carruur badan oo ilaahyo iyo geesiyaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, iyo Muusasyada.[1]

Waa lixleeyey oo loo tixgeliyey sida aabbaha samada oo ahaa madaxa ilaahyada[8] una qaybiyey hawlaha kuwa kale:[9] "Xataa Ilaahyada aan ahayn carruurtiisa dabiiciga ah waxay ugu yeeraan Aabbe, dhammaan ilaahyaduna way kacaan joogitaankiisa."[10][11] Waxaa loo dhigmiyay ilaahyo badan oo shisheeye ah oo ah cimilada, taas oo u oggolaatay Pausanias in uu xuso "In Zeus uu yahay boqor Jannada waa hadal ay wadaagaan dhammaan ragga".[12] Calaamadaha lagu yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah hillaaca iyo gorgorka.[13] Marka laga reebo dhaxalkiisa Hindo-Yurub , "ururiyaha daruuraha" ee qadiimiga ah (Giriig: Νεφεληγερέτα, Nephelēgereta)[14] wuxuu sidoo kale ka soo qaataa sifooyin iconographic ah dhaqamada Bariga Dhexe ee Hore, sida usha boqortooyada. Gudaha Rome-tii hore, Zeus waxaa lagu tilmaamay Ilaaha Jupiter.

Magaca

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Magaca Ilaaha ee kiiska magacaabista waa Ζεύς (Zeús). Waa sida soo socota: yeerid: Ζεῦ (Zeû); eedayn: Δία (Día); hidde: Διός (Diós); dhiib: Διί (Dií). Diogenes Laërtius wuxuu soo xiganayaa Pherecydes of Syros isaga oo higgaadinaya magaca Ζάς.[15] Noocyada ugu horreeya ee la xaqiijiyay ee magaca waa Giriigga Mycenaean 𐀇𐀸, di-we (dative) iyo 𐀇𐀺, di-wo, oo lagu qoray qoraalka Linear B syllabic.[16]

Zeus waa sii wadashada Giriigga ee *Dyēus, magaca diinta Proto-Indo-European ee Ilaaha samada maalintii, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Dyeus ph2tēr ("Aabbaha Samada").[17][18] Ilaaha waxaa lagu garanayaa magacan gudaha Rigveda (Sanskrit-ka Vedic Dyaus/Dyaus Pita), Laatiin (barbardhig Jupiter, oo ka yimid Iuppiter, oo ka soo jeeda Proto-Indo-European vocative dyeu-ph2tēr),[19] oo ka soo jeeda xididka *dyeu- ("in uu dhalaaliyo", iyo noocyadiisa badan, "samada, jannada, ilaah").[17] Af-Albanian Zoj-z iyo Af-Messapic Zis waa kuwo si cad u siman oo la mid ah Zeus. Noocyada Giriigga, Albania, iyo Messapic, kooxda asalka ah *di̯ waxay soo martay isbeddel ku yimid *dz.[20][21] Zeus waa Ilaaha kaliya ee ku jira pantheon Olympic kaas oo magaciisu leeyahay etymology Indo-European ah oo cad.[22]

Plato, buugiisa Cratylus, wuxuu bixiyaa etymology caan ah oo Zeus ah oo macnaheedu yahay "sababta nolosha mar walba dhammaan waxyaalaha", sababtoo ah kaftanka u dhexeeya cinwaannada kale ee Zeus (Zen iyo Dia) iyo erayada Giriigga ee nolosha iyo "sababtoo ah".[23] Etymology-gan, iyo habka Plato ee soo saarista etymologies, ma taageeraan aqoonyahannada casriga ah.[24][25]

Diodorus Siculus wuxuu qoray in Zeus sidoo kale loogu yeero Zen, sababtoo ah dadku waxay rumeysnaayeen in uu ahaa sababta nolosha (zen).[26] Halka Lactantius uu qoray in loogu yeeray Zeus iyo Zen, ma aha sababtoo ah waa bixiyaha nolosha, laakiin waa sababtoo ah wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa carruurtii Cronus.[27]

Zeus waxaa loogu yeeray magacyo kale oo badan ama magacyo qoys, oo loo yaqaan tilmaamo ama naanayso. Qaar ka mid ah tilmaamahan waa magacyada soo hadhay ee ilaahyada maxalliga ah kuwaas oo lagu mideeyey khuraafaadka Zeus.[28]

Tixraac

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 Hamilton, Edith (1942). Mythology (1998 ed.). New York: Back Bay Books. p. 467. ISBN 978-0-316-34114-1. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. ↑ Hard 2004, p. 79.
  3. ↑ Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Zeus.
  4. ↑ Homer, Il., Book V.
  5. ↑ Plato, Symposium 180e.
  6. ↑ Waxaa jira laba sheeko oo waaweyn oo is khilaafaya oo ku saabsan halka ay ka soo jeedo Aphrodite: Hesiod's Theogony waxay sheeganeysaa in ay ku dhalatay xumbadii badda ka dib markii Cronus uu qalay Uranus, taas oo ka dhigaysa gabadha Uranus, halka Homer's Iliad ay Aphrodite ka dhigeyso gabadha Zeus iyo Dione.[4] Qof ka hadlaya Plato's Symposium wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in ay ahaayeen laba qof oo kala duwan: Aphrodite Ourania iyo Aphrodite Pandemos.[5]
  7. ↑ Hesiod, Theogony 886Template:Ndash900.
  8. ↑ Homeric Hymns.
  9. ↑ Hesiod, Theogony.
  10. ↑ Burkert, Greek Religion.
  11. ↑ Fiiri, tusaale ahaan, Homer, Il., I.503 & 533.
  12. ↑ Pausanias, 2.24.4.
  13. ↑ Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Zeus.
  14. ↑ Template:LSJ.
  15. ↑ Laërtius, Diogenes (1972) [1925]. "1.11". In Hicks, R. D. (ed.). Lives of Eminent Philosophers. "1.11". Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (in Giriik).
  16. ↑ "The Linear B word di-we". "The Linear B word di-wo". Palaeolexicon: Word study tool of Ancient languages.
  17. 1 2 "Zeus". American Heritage Dictionary. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
  18. ↑ Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill Publishers, 2009, p. 499.
  19. ↑ Template:OEtymD
  20. ↑ Hyllested, Adam; Joseph, Brian D. (2022). "Albanian". In Olander, Thomas (ed.). The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Cambridge University Press. p. 232. doi:10.1017/9781108758666. ISBN 9781108758666. S2CID 161016819. Archived from the original on 2025-11-26. Retrieved 2026-09-30.
  21. ↑ Søborg, Tobias Mosbæk (2020). Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study (Thesis). University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics. p. 74..
  22. ↑ Burkert (1985). Greek Religion. Harvard University Press. p. 321. ISBN 0-674-36280-2.
  23. ↑ "Plato's CratylusTemplate:-" by Plato, ed. by David Sedley, Cambridge University Press, 6 November 2003, p. 91
  24. ↑ Jevons, Frank Byron (1903). The Makers of Hellas. C. Griffin, Limited. pp. 554–555.
  25. ↑ Joseph, John Earl (2000). Limiting the Arbitrary. John Benjamins. ISBN 1556197497.
  26. ↑ "Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V, book 5, chapter 72". www.perseus.tufts.edu.
  27. ↑ Lactantius, Divine Institutes 1.11.1.
  28. ↑ Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "Hewitt1908".
  1. ↑ Attic–Ionic Greek: Ζεύς, romanized: Zeús Attic–Ionic Greek: [zděu̯s] or [dzěu̯s], Koine Greek pronunciation: [zeʍs], Modern Greek pronunciation: [zefs]; genitive: Δῐός, romanized: Diós [di.ós]
    Boeotian Aeolic and Laconian Doric Greek: Δεύς, romanized: Deús Doric Greek: [děu̯s]; genitive: Δέος, romanized: Déos [dé.os]
    Greek: Δίας, romanized: Días Modern Greek: [ˈði.as̠]
Cillad tixraac: Calaamadaha <ref> ayaa jira koox la magacaabay "lower-alpha", laakiin lama helin calaamadda u dhiganta. <references group="lower-alpha"/>.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeus&oldid=309937"