Sugar Technology

This paper shows that the analysis of commodity chains (CC) can be fruitfully employed to respond to recent calls in the field of global/world history for a periodisation of globalisation. The place to be studied in this paper is Mauritius, a small island in the Western Indian Ocean that has a very particular history of colonial and postcolonial integration into the capitalist world system. The entry of Mauritius into the British Empire brought about a particular kind of integration of the island into the capitalist world system. Central to this integration was the production of sugar under the West Indian Sugar Protocol, with this ultimately turning Mauritius from a free port into a plantation economy. This shaped the island’s economic and political practice, and brought the formation of a range of institutions that sustained a high degree of inequality among Mauritians by finding ever newer ways of conciliating socio-economic mobility with exploitation.

"http://www.researchmoz.us/global-sugar-substitute-market-an-analysis-report.html

The sugar substitute market mainly consists of high fructose syrup (HFCS), high intensity sweetener (HIS) and low intensity sweetener (LIS). The HIS segment (non-calorific) is the fastest growing segment among all other sugar substitutes. As rising level of obesity and diabetes continue to dominate, emphasis on reducing caloric intake as well as consuming healthier food and beverages is increasing which in turn driving the sales of sugar substitutes. North America dominates the sugar substitute market driven by downstream industries like food, beverages and pharmaceuticals."

"Sugar manufacturing industry takes sugarcane, beets and other crops as raw materials to produce raw sugar, sugar, as well as refined sugar. The sugar crops grow in spring generally, and the harvest begins in October. The sugar manufacturers squeeze sugar in October or November and halt the production in March or April of the next year; this period is a production cycle which is known as a squeeze season. Raw material procurement and production present seasonal and phased features, while the marketing is conducted throughout the year.

http://www.researchmoz.us/analysis-and-forecast-of-china-sugar-manufacturing-industry-2013-2017-report.html

In 2012, there are 48 sugar manufacturing enterprises (groups) and 270 sugar mills came into operation, and the industrial total asset reached CNY 139,126,125,000, increased by 19.1% over the last year; the sales revenue reached CNY 109,165,081,000, increased by 11.12%; total profit was CNY 6,955,888,000; the number of participators reached 145,017.00, increased by 1.5%. In the sugar squeeze season from 2012 to 2013, China’s sugar output reached 13,883,600 tons."

"The objective of the present study was to produce ethanol from final sugar cane molasses and to evaluate
its quality. Urea was used as nitrogen source and added at different concentrations 0.15%, 0.5%, and 0.25%
(w/v) to the molasses mash. Experiments were conducted using four treatments depending upon molasses sugar
concentration which was calculated as percentages 10, 15, 20 and 25(w/v). The pH of the mash was adjusted to 4.8
using concentrated sulphuric acid. 5% (w/v) baker’s yeast was added. The fermentation was conducted for 72 hours
at 33°C. The microbiological analysis revealed absence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds in dilutions 10-3, 10-4, 10-5
of molasses samples. The yield of ethanol obtained was 20 ml per 100 g of molasses, and ethanol with 96% purity
could be obtained when the main medium of production (molasses) includes 0.25% (w/v) urea and 20% (w/v) sugar
concentration."

"The sugar ceramic from the towns of Machico and Funchal.
Historical and archaeological data to the Portuguese and sugar
production technology research. The present paper mulls over the sugar ceramic question, considering several sugar-moulds types of Madeira Island and Portuguese Mainland. There are discussed the distribution circuits, the historical and archaeological indicators, articulated with technological and typological results.There are mentioned the ceramic functional interpretation models, the terminology question and the results from physical chemical and mineralogical
analyses, based on a multi-disciplinary methodology performance."

"The present paper deals with the chemical and physical characterisation of fragments from the ceramic jars called “formas de açúcar” exhumed at several archaeological sites in the town of Machico, Madeira Island.

Both minerals and high temperature crystalline phases were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the chemical composition was determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)analysis.
This type of ceramics hardly could be manufactured in Madeira, a volcanic island, characterised by the scarce occurrence of clay deposits. However, the available analytical data indicates that the region of Aveiro, in Portugal continental, could be the source and the
production centre of “formas de açúcar”, which would be exported to Madeira through the important co mmercial harbour of Aveiro.

As a matter of fact, similarities were found between the studied ceramic fragments and the heavy clays which occur in huge deposits in the Aveiro region. Also, it was possible to estimate the maximum firing temperature (≈8000C) at which “formas de açúcar” have been fired.

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