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In order to overcome the conceptual debacle facing both Nationalism Studies and Ethnic/Racial Studies, we have to make sense of the terminological ambiguities still hampering mutual comprehension. This short article will focus on the... more
In order to overcome the conceptual debacle facing both Nationalism Studies and Ethnic/Racial Studies, we have to make sense of the terminological ambiguities still hampering mutual comprehension. This short article will focus on the common ground shared by the two disciplines, both of which participate in a common interest in ethnicity. Most of my theoretical sources admittedly consist of nationalism studies and ethnic conflict literature. On the basis of explanatory weight, methodological affinities and a shared conceptual baggage, I shall stress the need to keep nationalism and ethnic/racial studies together.
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Im Rahmen einer Implementationsstudie untersuchen wir die Umsetzung von § 16e SGB II, gemÀß dem ein Arbeitgeber, der einen Langzeitarbeitslosen mit weiteren Vermittlungshemmnissen einstellt, einen Zuschuss zu den Lohnkosten von bis zu 75... more
Im Rahmen einer Implementationsstudie untersuchen wir die Umsetzung von Β§ 16e SGB II, gemÀß dem ein Arbeitgeber, der einen Langzeitarbeitslosen mit weiteren Vermittlungshemmnissen einstellt, einen Zuschuss zu den Lohnkosten von bis zu 75 % erhalten kann. Erscheint nach Ablauf einer zweijΓ€hrigen FΓΆrderung eine Vermittlung in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt auch in den beiden folgenden Jahren als nicht mΓΆglich, soll das ArbeitsverhΓ€ltnis entfristet und die ΓΆffentliche FΓΆrderung dauerhaft, d.h. potenziell bis zur Verrentung, aufrechterhalten werden. Das Interesse der Untersuchung richtet sich auf die Akteure der Umsetzung (also die ARGEn und Optionskommunen) und deren LΓΆsung der mit ihr verbundenen Handlungsprobleme. Der Studie liegen zwei sich ergΓ€nzende Heuristiken zugrunde: Zum einen der β€žAkteurszentrierte Institutionalismusβ€œ (vgl. Mayntz/Scharpf 1995), der die akteursbezogene soziologische Steuerungsforschung mit der regel- und institutionsorientierten Governance-Forschung verbindet, sowie zum anderen das aus der Ethnologie stammende Konzept der β€žAneignungβ€œ, das den Fokus richtet auf Prozesse der Interpretation des Neuen, Anzueignenden und sein Einpassen in die schon vorhandenen Strukturen und HandlungsvollzΓΌge; mit ihm lΓ€sst sich die Tatsache analytisch erfassen, dass das Gesetz in wesentlichen Dimensionen verΓ€ndert und sogar zweckentfremdet wurde, ohne dass dies Ausdruck bewusster strategischer Manipulation wΓ€re, sondern vielmehr den Akteuren im Zuge ihrer Umsetzungsanstrengungen unterlΓ€uft. Verzahnt sind die genannten Heuristiken mit der Auswertungsmethode der Objektiven Hermeneutik, die in besonderer Weise dazu geeignet ist, hinter den verschiedenen Umsetzungsstrategien stehende implizite Annahmen und ErklΓ€rungsmuster zu rekonstruieren, welche sich einer einfachen Abfragbarkeit entziehen. Inhaltlich konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf die Analyse von offenen, nichtstandardisierten Interviews mit fΓΌr die Umsetzung Verantwortlichen bei den ARGEn und Optionskommunen (GeschΓ€ftsfΓΌhrern, Bereichsleitern).
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Terrorism, Communication, Media, Nigeria, Human Rights, and 68 moreedit
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The GuantΓ‘namo detainees find themselves in a prisoner’s-dilemma-like situation characterized by uncertainty where they may incriminate others, remain silent, or disobey. We examine their behavior under these conditions and how it... more
The GuantΓ‘namo detainees find themselves in a prisoner’s-dilemma-like situation characterized by uncertainty where they may incriminate others, remain silent, or disobey. We examine their behavior under these conditions and how it influences their chances of getting a release recommendation. We use JTF-GTMO-authored memoranda on 765 detainees to create a social network of the accusations between detainees and an attribute dataset, which we analyze using multivariate regression and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. We find that the distribution of incriminating statements obeys a power law. Yemenites and Saudi Arabians heavily over-contribute in terms of incriminating statements and disobedient actions, whereas Afghans and Pakistanis under-contribute. Disobedient behaviour does not affect the likelihood of getting released, except for hunger strike, which has a negative effect. By releasing information on others, detainees do not improve their own situation but impair that of those they talk about.
β€œIslamophobia” has been used as an umbrella term capturing different types of religious stigma towards Muslims. However, the operationalization of the term for research purposes varies greatly, where little attention heretofore has been... more
β€œIslamophobia” has been used as an umbrella term capturing different types of religious stigma towards Muslims. However, the operationalization of the term for research purposes varies greatly, where little attention heretofore has been paid on how islamophobia affects Muslim minorities’ lives. Against this background, we aimed to develop and validate the Perceived Islamophobia Scale (PIS). In the first study (167 German-Arabs, 184 German-Turks and 205 British-Pakistanis), exploratory factor analyses of a preliminary item pool gave support of a three-factor scale in all samples. Subscales were computed for each factor (i.e., perceptions of a general fear of Islam and Muslims, fear of islamization, and islamophobia in the media), which were reliable across the samples. In all samples, the PIS was positively related to psychological distress and in two samples this relation remained significant, after controlling for experiences of discrimination. In Study 2 (262 German-Turks, 277 French-Maghrebis and 249 British-Pakistanis), confirmatory factor analyses supported the structural equivalence of the scale’s three-factor solution. The PIS was positively related to perceived stress and discrimination. Lastly, PIS predicted higher levels of religious and ethnic identification, controlling for discrimination. The PIS seems to be a valid and reliable measure across different Muslim minority groups. The fact that perceptions of islamophobia in two samples negatively predicted psychological distress after controlling for experiences of discrimination, suggests that anti-discrimination laws may be insufficient in protecting Muslim minorities of the negative effects of stigma on psychological well-being.
JURIST Guest Columnist, Faisal Kutty of the Valparaiso University Law School says that the Muslim community has risen to the challenge of addressing the mainstream about extremists within, and that, to win the war on terror, democratic... more
JURIST Guest Columnist, Faisal Kutty of the Valparaiso University Law School says that the Muslim community has risen to the challenge of addressing the mainstream about extremists within, and that, to win the war on terror, democratic governments must foster productive bridge building with the majority of Muslims who oppose jihadist ideology...
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This book chapter analyses two of the most widely circulated and notorious images of prisoners being inducted into the Camp X-ray prison at Guantanamo bay naval base initially published in a press release by the US Department of Defense.... more
This book chapter analyses two of the most widely circulated and notorious images of prisoners being inducted into the Camp X-ray prison at Guantanamo bay naval base initially published in a press release by the US Department of Defense. Drawing on photography theory and visual culture theory I discuss the way that images of the prison have come to communicate not merely the technical processes by which the US military detains selected prisoners of war, but the relationship of the USA with the rest of the world, a visual rendering of power – cultural, imperial, military, legal and physical. The chapter explores the complex and strategically blurred relationship between propaganda, publicity and photojournalism in contemporary visual culture.
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