Nationalism

Con este artículo aspiramos a plantear vías y elementos para el análisis, el estudio y la comprensión de un fenómeno complejo de violencia étnica con múltiples implicaciones a todos los niveles y un escenario transnacional marcado por diferentes tempos, razones y estímulos, todo ello propiciado por las consecuencias de la guerra y las condiciones planteadas por la inmediata posguerra. Por tanto, nuestro objetivo sería dar cuenta de la complejidad inherente al éxodo y la expulsión de las comunidades alemanas y Volksdeutsche de Europa centro-oriental a la par que introducir una nueva variable en nuestra comprensión de la guerra civil europea.

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In this article we want to pose some lines and objects in order to go into detail about the analysis, research and understanding of a complex phenomena of ethnic violence, a problem with too much implications at every level in a transnational scene characterized by different tempos, reasons and stimulus, all of that favoured by the consequences of war and postwar situation. Therefore, our aim is to show the complexity attached tothe exodus and expulsion of German and Volksdeutsche communities at Central-Eastern Europe. At the same time we would like to introduce a new fact in our understanding of the European civil war.

Orientalism – the idea that the standpoint of Western writers on the East greatly affected what they wrote about the East, the "Other" – applied also in Russia and the Soviet Union, where the study of the many exotic peoples incorporated into the Russian Empire, often in quite late imperial times, became a major academic industry, where, as in the West, the standpoint of writers greatly affected what they wrote. Russian/Soviet orientalism had a particularly important impact in Central Asia, where in early Soviet times new republics, later states, were created, often based on the distorted perceptions of scholars in St Petersburg and Moscow, and often cutting across previously existing political and cultural boundaries. The book explores how the Soviet orientalism academic industry influenced the creation of Central Asian nations. It discusses the content of oriental sources and discourses, considers the differences between scholars working in St Petersburg and Moscow and those working more locally in Central Asia, providing a rich picture of academic politics, and shows how academic cultural classification cemented political boundaries, often in unhelpful ways.

Quoi de plus naturel que d'étudier les phénomènes sociaux en les situant dans un cadre national : le conservatisme britannique, les échanges commerciaux franco-japonais, l'immigration espagnole au Maroc etc. ? Mais ce faisant, les sciences sociales ne sacrifient-elles pas leur caractère scientifique au profit d'un angle national qu'elles reprennent à leur compte ? Les sciences sociales contribueraient-elles à renforcer le nationalisme ? Autant de questions auxquelles ce volume cherche à répondre en présentant un débat d'actualité en sciences sociales : la critique du nationalisme méthodologique.

European Union integration was conceived as a process of gradual convergence of different national social norms and values through common supranational institutions; thus a new EU-influenced national identity had to harmoniously merge with old national traits. In-depth research, based on interviews and other triangulating techniques in two post-communist Balkan countries, Bulgaria and Macedonia, suggests that the process of EU integration, with respect to national identities, is more complex than previously thought. The new national identity, influenced by EU integration, for those who accept it, does not always join seamlessly with old national traits. It may completely replace national loyalty, or, alternatively, be completely marginalized by a revival of ethnic nationalism.

Das Ausscheiden aus dem Deutschen Bund 1866 und der Ausgleich mit Ungarn 1867 waren für die deutschsprachige Bevölkerung der Habsburgermonarchie zentrale Ausgangspunkte für die Herausbildung unterschiedlicher nationaler Identitätskonstruktionen. Dabei ist festzuhalten, dass die Verwendung von Antisemitismus als Agitationsmittel sowie als politische Widerstandsbewegung vornehmlich gegen den politischen Liberalismus wirkte und in den 1880er Jahren nationale Forderungen aufgriff. Erst mit der Entstehung der christlich-sozialen Partei wurden nationale und antisemitische Begriffe in der Tagespresse zu nationalen Identitätsdiskursen verbunden. Die Betonung der Unterstützung von Monarchie und Dynastie sowie die Verwendung eindeutig nationalen Vokabulars zeigen sich bis zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges.

During the 19th century, parts of the German-speaking population in the Austro-Hungarian Empire saw themselves as part of a German cultural space. During the 1880s, conservative parts of the society combined national and anti-Semitic language in the daily press to distances themselves from political liberalism and to form a national identity discourse. But it was only after the development of the Christian-social political mass-movement that the conncetion of national and anti-Semitic concepts in the daily press formed a national identity discourse on a broader societal level. Until 1914, the support of monarchy and dynasty as well as the use of unambiguously national vocabulary strengthened an Austrian national idea.

Mediante la revisión de fuentes de archivo y la bibliografía previa, el artículo plantea que la historia de la música del Chile colonial como fue construida por Pereira Salas y Claro Valdés es fruto en gran medida del nacionalismo decimonónico y su vigencia durante buena parte del siglo XX.