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"""H παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί μια σύντομη καταγραφή των γεγονότων και των ημερομηνιών όπως αναφέρονται σε ιστορικά και πολιτικά βιβλία. Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι, να δοθεί η δυνατότητα στον αναγνώστη να εντοπίζει, εύκολα και γρήγορα, την... more
"""H παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί μια σύντομη καταγραφή των γεγονότων και των ημερομηνιών όπως αναφέρονται σε ιστορικά και πολιτικά βιβλία.

Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι, να δοθεί η δυνατότητα στον αναγνώστη να εντοπίζει, εύκολα και γρήγορα, την ημερομηνία και τη χρονολογία κάποιου γνωστού γεγονότος από τη διοίκηση και την ιστορία της Ελλάδας. Να μπορεί ξεφυλλίζοντας τις σελίδες τούτου του βιβλίου να αντιληφθεί την περίοδο που έλαβε χώρα ένα γεγονός, το πολίτευμα, ποιοι κυβερνούσαν, τη γενική πολιτική κατάσταση και τη διοίκηση του κράτους και να συνθέτει έτσι μια εικόνα για την Ελλάδα της περιόδου εκείνης. Έτσι, σε λίγες μόνον σελίδες, συμπεριλαμβάνονται οι ημερομηνίες πολλών γνωστών γεγονότων, της Νεότερης Ελληνικής ιστορίας και διοίκησης, ουσιαστικά από τον την έναρξη του απελευθερωτικού αγώνα το 1821 έως και την αποκατάσταση της Δημοκρατίας το 1974.

ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ

Η αφορμή της συγγραφής αυτού του βιβλίου ήταν η αξιοποίηση του αρχείου μου, με τη συγκρότηση και καταγραφή των προσωπικών μου σημειώσεων, με χρονολογική σειρά. Ένα αρχείο, το οποίο κρατούσα ενήμερο για αρκετά χρόνια, με ημερομηνίες γεγονότων της Νεότερης Ελληνικής Ιστορίας, που κατέγραφα, μελετώντας κατά καιρούς Ιστορικά και Πολιτικά βιβλία. Το προσωπικό αυτό αρχείο αποφάσισα να το δημιουργήσω, πριν από λίγα χρόνια, διότι κάποιες φορές ήθελα να αναφερθώ σε ένα ιστορικό γεγονός, αλλά μου διέφευγε η ημερομηνία ή ακόμη και η χρονολογία του συμβάντος, και ήμουν αναγκασμένος, για να τη βρω, να ανατρέξω σε πολυσέλιδα βιβλία. Παρατηρούσα, ότι κάποια βιβλία που μελετούσα, είχαν αναφορές σε ορισμένα γεγονότα, ενώ δεν είχαν σε άλλα. Κάποια βιβλία είχαν αναφορές σε ημερομηνίες και χρονολογίες ενώ άλλα όχι. Έπρεπε να ανατρέξω σε συγκεκριμένα βιβλία για να βρω την ημερομηνία ενός γνωστού γεγονότος, σε κάποια άλλα για να βρω την χρονολογία του, και πολλές φορές έπρεπε να δια σταυρώνω τα στοιχεία. Έτσι, κάποια στιγμή, ξεκίνησα την συγγραφή των ση-μειώσεων με χρονολογική σειρά και σε μορφή βιβλίου, με αποκλειστικό σκοπό, όχι φυσικά την έκδοση αλλά την προσωπική μου διευκόλυνση. Δεν είμαι ιστορικός και δεν αξιώνω την δημιουργία τέτοιων εντυπώσεων. Και επειδή δεν είμαι ιστορικός, δεν κάνω κριτική ούτε ιστορική ανάλυση και εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων μέσα από τα γεγονότα, παρά μόνο καταγράφω σύντομα και ανά έτος τα γεγονότα και τις ημερομηνίες όπως έχουν και όπως αναφέρονται σε ιστορικά βιβλία. Σκοπός της συγγραφής είναι, απλά, να μπορεί ο αναγνώστης, εύκολα και γρήγορα, να δει την ημερομηνία και τη χρονολογία κάποιου γνωστού γεγονότος και να μπορεί επίσης, γυρνώντας μερικές σελίδες, να αντιληφθεί την περίοδο που έλαβε χώρα το γεγονός, το πολίτευμα, ποιοι κυβερνούσαν, αν υπήρχε βασιλιάς ή όχι, τη γενική πολιτική κατάσταση και να συνθέσει έτσι μια γενική εικόνα για την Ελλάδα της περιόδου εκείνης. Έτσι σε λίγες μόνον σελίδες, συμπεριλαμβάνονται οι ημερομηνίες πολλών γνωστών γεγονότων
,της Νεότερης Ελληνικής Ιστορίας, από την έναρξη του απελευθερωτικού αγώνα, το 1821,έως και την αποκατάσταση της Δημοκρατίας, το 1974, μαζί με λίγες αναφορές για εισαγωγή πριν το 1821 και λίγες για επίλογο μετά το 1974. Συνολικά γίνονται οκτακόσιες περίπου αναφορές. Ελπίζω, οι αναγνώστες του παρόντος βιβλίου, να είναι επιεικείς μαζί μου, λαμβάνοντας υπ όψιν τους ότι είναι τόλμημα για εμένα αυτή η προσπάθεια, ότι δεν έχω καμία σχέση με το χώρο και επίσης ελπίζω να με συγχωρήσουν για τα πιθανά λάθη μου."""
"Depuis quelques années, les revendications politiques et territoriales des Autochtones posent le problème de la place de ces peuples dans l’État canadien et québécois issu de la colonisation européenne du territoire. Les mutations... more
"Depuis quelques années, les revendications politiques et territoriales des Autochtones posent le problème de la place de ces peuples dans l’État canadien et québécois issu de la colonisation européenne du territoire. Les mutations constitutionnelles récentes, les décisions des tribunaux et la négociation d’ententes historiques entre le Canada, le Québec et les peuples autochtones annoncent des bouleversements dont il est devenu impérieux de prendre la juste mesure. Le défi consiste à donner sa pleine effectivité à la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones dans un pays qui, pendant des décennies, voire des siècles, s’est développé en faisant largement abstraction des Autochtones et de leurs droits. Pour relever ce défi, il faut d’abord comprendre d’où viennent ces droits et en connaître la raison d’être. Il faut aussi composer avec la difficulté d’interpréter aujourd’hui ces droits en l’absence de textes clairs ou actuels en définissant la portée. Il importe enfin de savoir tenir compte du point de vue et des besoins légitimes des Autochtones sans pour autant occulter la nécessité d’une cohabitation de tous les citoyens au sein d’une société plurielle qui dépend, pour son développement, d’un accès aussi bien durable qu’équitable aux ressources d’un vaste territoire.

Dans cet ouvrage, qui est en grande partie le prolon-gement du colloque "Les droits des Autochtones : réalités et mythes" tenu à l’Université Laval le 25 avril 2003, des juristes spécialistes de la question autochtone expliquent les origines et les justifications historiques des droits ancestraux et issus de traités. Ils se penchent aussi sur les difficultés propres à la définition contemporaine des droits collectifs des premières nations devant les tribunaux ou lors de négociations de traités modernes. Ils montrent enfin en quoi ces droits collectifs, dont le droit à l’autonomie gouvernementale, soulèvent des enjeux inédits de gouvernance tant dans les rapports entre les ordres de gouvernement au sein du régime fédéral canadien que dans les relations entre les droits de groupe et les libertés individuelles garanties dans les Chartes des droits."
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Cet important ouvrage bilingue explique et analyse divers aspects du rapport entre l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones et le fédéralisme comme procédé d’organisation de la gouvernance. Les auteurs comptent parmi les juristes et... more
Cet important ouvrage bilingue explique et analyse divers aspects du rapport entre l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones et le fédéralisme comme procédé d’organisation de la gouvernance. Les auteurs comptent parmi les juristes et les politologues les mieux établis au Canada et aux États-Unis. Un premier groupe d’études s’interroge sur l’adéquation idéologique et théorique du concept fédéral pour la redéfinition de la relation entre les peuples autochtones et l’État. D’autres textes analysent les dimensions plus opérationnelles de la mise en place et de l’application d’une gouvernance de type fédéral, tels les défis de la négociation d’ententes intergouvernementales, le rôle de l’individu comme acteur fédéral ou encore la tension entre la reconnaissance de la souveraineté autochtone et le partage déjà existant des compétences et responsabilités entre le gouvernement fédéral et les provinces. Les textes réunis ici nous permettent de prendre la mesure du potentiel novateur mais aussi des limites du fédéralisme comme principe d’organisation de la coexistence entre les peuples autochtones et la société euro-descendante dans le contexte nord-américain.
Given this paper is set to be discussed in the context of a roundtable discussion I have rendered it more conversational in tone. I’m also aware that some participants in the discussion may be unfamiliar with the history of English... more
Given this paper is set to be discussed in the context of a roundtable discussion I have rendered it more conversational in tone. I’m also aware that some participants in the discussion may be unfamiliar with the history of English education policy. I have therefore constructed a kind of ‘nuts and bolts’ paper for want a better description. It outlines the aims, context and data for my study as well as some of the recent developments to affect school organization and school accountability in England. Following this I draw on evidence to flesh out what it is school governors actually do and how these forms of ritual participation and their rationalization are impacted by the changing legal and power arrangements of different school setups and the encroachment of particular forms of accountability, notably finance, legal, performance and consumer. I have deliberately foregrounded the discussion around observable concrete practices, and therefore resisted engaging too much in conceptual or theoretical deliberation/engagement for the time being. However, I am keen to apply theory where it might serve to increase both awareness and intervention to affect change. Foucauldian approaches to governmentality spring to mind.
This paper argues that transparency projects retain a political hue from the social-technological context from which they are created. Thus, radical transparency is considered as an opportunity to evolve both journalistic and democratic... more
This paper argues that transparency projects retain a political hue from the social-technological context from which they are created. Thus, radical transparency is considered as an opportunity to evolve both journalistic and democratic practices. Transparency in practice reveals diverse expectations of how journalists reporting should be used, and these expectations in turn, seem dependent on specific worldviews. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of the current exemplar of radical journalism, WikiLeaks. It compares Wikileaks to its historical equivalents, including Hansard in the 18th century, and the reporting of open diplomacy in the early 20th century. This analysis shows how journalism evolves along with radical transparency projects, and how the current context of networked radical transparency can, and will, be made into news with specific political effects. In conclusion, this paper argues that practitioners should be aware of the political hues that new transparency mechanisms afford. Being cognizant of context and design choices can increase the degree to which new initiatives can have a deep systemic impact—as well as acknowledge the qualities and repercussions of that impact.
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""We practically know the West like the palm of our hand, but the West’s vision of the East is still a murky confusion. It is thus self-evident who would hold an advantageous position should there be any conflict in the future between the... more
""We practically know the West like the palm of our hand, but the West’s vision of the East is still a murky confusion. It is thus self-evident who would hold an advantageous position should there be any conflict in the future between the two." --Ji Xianlin

HONG KONG – In April 2013, Germany’s most influential weekly news magazine, Der Spiegel, featured a provocative article entitled:

“I don’t believe that democracy is the best way.”

Those words belong to Daniel A. Bell, a Canadian professor of political theory at China’s prestigious Tsinghua University."
"La situation que nous vivons au présent, correspond à un état de paix passive. Ceci équivaut à la guerre passive, notion similaire à l’inter-passivité du réseau Internet. Il s’agit d’une perte de temps. Cela n’a rien à voire avec la paix... more
"La situation que nous vivons au présent, correspond à un état de paix passive. Ceci équivaut à la guerre passive, notion similaire à l’inter-passivité du réseau Internet. Il s’agit d’une perte de temps. Cela n’a rien à voire avec la paix active.
Depuis l’année 1980 il existe un monument public érigé aux États Unis à Georgia. Il s’appelle “The Georgia Guide Stones Monument”. Sur ce monument 10 recommandations sont publiées en 12 langues. La première recommandation se lit comme suit:  MAINTENEZ L’HUMANITÉ EN DESSOUS DE  500,000,000 ET EN ÉQUILIBRE PERPETUEL AVEC LA NATURE. Cet énoncé, amène-t-il un message apocalyptique? Que signifient ces mots en termes de gérance de complexité?
En raison de l’externalisation de couts ainsi que du aux couts des transactions au sein des sociétés http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1993/ la plupart des nations se voient impliquées dans des guerres actives ou passives. Durant l’an 2013, la chancelière Allemande Angela Merkel gagnât les élections pour son parti, le CDU, alors que ce parti politique publiait des articles bellicistes confirmant que l’Allemagne fera bien usage de l’armée pour défendre ses intérêts en outremer. Ce raisonnement est du à des politiques ombilicales, nationalistes, la répartition de la richesse sur la planète, la définition de ce que l’on considère richesse, le manque de consciences qui travaillent au sujet de la soutenabilité, etc.
La paix passive n’existe pas. La paix passive est simplement une trêve, la même chose qu’une guerre passive.
Il n’existe que la paix active, telle que l’énonce Johan Galtung, fondateur de Transcend University
Nous construisons un réseau global d’Observatoires de Complexité.
La tâche principale de ce réseau est de produire une réalité qui suit les 7 principes énoncés sur la page 1.
N’importe quelle institution privée ou gouvernementale peut adopter un observatoire de complexité.
La paix doit s’établir comme une routine quotidienne. La violence doit être conçue comme un fait non naturel. La violence, si bien elle fut acceptée comme une réalité humaine, dès que l’on a lu ce document, se considèrera comme un élément culturel conscient, résultat d’une gérance de complexité non soutenable, c’est à dire criminelle.
Le livre Pax (2012) de Andrés Ginestet et plusieurs de ces documents sont sujet de débat sur toute la planète.
"
Brasília, 9 abr. 2004, 9 p. Considerações reservadas sobre o quadro político na conjuntura de 04/2004 e recomendações pertinentes. Revisto e modificado, publicação na Espaço Acadêmico (n. 36, mai. 2004). Relação de Publicados n. 455.
Participatory Budgeting has by now been widely discussed, and often celebrated, now instituted in at least 1,500 cities worldwide. Some of its central features - its structure of open meetings, its yearly cycle, and its combination of... more
Participatory Budgeting has by now been widely discussed, and often celebrated, now instituted in at least 1,500 cities worldwide.  Some of its central features - its structure of open meetings, its yearly cycle, and its combination of deliberation and representation are by now well-known.  In this paper, however, we critically reflect on its global travel and argue for more careful consideration of some of its less well-known features, namely, the coupling of the budgeting meetings with the exercise of power.  We disaggregate PB into its communicative and empowerment dimensions and argue that its empowerment dimensions have usually not been part of its global expansion and this is cause for concern from the point of view of emancipation.  In this paper we thus discuss the specific institutional reforms associated with empowerment in the original version as well as its analytic dimensions.  We also address some of the specific dangers of a communication-only version of PB as well as some suggestions for reintroducing empowerment.
"This mid-term evaluation of UNDP Uzbekistan’s Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) was conducted by a team of one international and three national experts over a period of five weeks in September and October 2013, to assess progress... more
"This mid-term evaluation of UNDP Uzbekistan’s Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) was conducted by a team of one international and three national experts over a period of five weeks in September and October 2013, to assess progress towards six programme outcomes. UNDP has been contributing to these outcomes through 47 projects with a total volume of close to USD 90 million. The evaluation considered the scope, relevance, efficiency and sustainability of UNDP support. The evaluation team’s recommendations are focused on how UNDP and its partners can improve the prospects of achieving the CPAP outcomes through adjusting programming, partnership arrangements, resource mobilization strategies, working methods and management structures. The results of the evaluation are to be used to re-adjust interventions during the remaining period of the current Country Programme and to guide future programming.
The assessment is based on a comprehensive desk review, an online survey (90 responses), site visits and meetings with more than 200 stakeholders. The evaluation chose a utilization-focused approach. By using a comprehensive set of tools, the evaluation balanced the use of data and desk review sources, and the participatory and consultative approach requested in the Terms of Reference (ToR).
Based on the desk review, the survey, the site visits, and above all the interaction with stakeholders, the evaluation team has concluded that a clear demand exists for UNDP to build on its reach at the central, sub-national and local level, on its capacity and expertise, and the trust it has built with partners, to help Uzbekistan make the most of international support.
In line with the new strategic plan at the global level, UNDP in Uzbekistan should increase its capacity for more integrated, cross-sector policy advice and programming and to intensify interaction with government and nongovernment counterparts. Thus, there should be fully empowered senior UNDP management both on the programming and the operations side, plus a seasoned adviser on how to accelerate the shift to a programme-based approach and more effective results-based management.
In Economic Governance, UNDP’s efforts deserve to be scaled up again (especially at the community level and in terms of income generation) and better synergized with each other and beyond. In line with UNDP’s mandate and strengths in Uzbekistan, it could do more on aspects of the expected results that are currently less strongly emphasized: Working with counterparts at the sub-national and local level to improve the welfare of vulnerable groups implies defining these vulnerable groups better, engaging with them more directly, and monitoring their welfare more effectively.
The team should combine its projects on the business environment into a more comprehensive approach to reach those most in need of support. Focusing more explicitly on the most vulnerable (especially beyond Tashkent), is both in line with international best practice on economic development in advanced transition environments, and is very strongly anchored in the UN human development mandate.
UNDP’s work under the Environment and Energy component highlights the positive multiplier effects an emphasis on genuinely inclusive partnerships can have on programme design, implementation and reception. The Environment and Energy team can build on the success of its programming since 2010 to promote a more integrated approach to assessments and programming within UNDP and among its partners. This would imply, among others, a concerted initiative to mainstream the environmental perspective (including, but not limited to assessments of environmental impact, resilience to climate-change, and disaster risk) throughout all development efforts, including based on the corporate environmental and social screening procedure. 
The Good Governance component of the CPAP is the most diverse and dynamic; that also makes it less clear and harder to measure than the others. There has been some high-visibility progress, including on innovative tools in e-government and a number of legislative frameworks. This component works most closely with the Government; consequently it struggles with some of the very same constraints, including e.g. the absence of a single designated Government agency to lead Public Administration Reform.
The Good Governance team should use the breadth of its portfolio to reach out within UNDP, the UNCT and among partners to more consistently utilize the strong cooperation with Government to connect high-level policy and legislative reform with more advocacy for policy changes and effective implementation at the local level, especially in public administration and civil service reform. Building on the trust UNDP has built and on its international standing, UNDP Uzbekistan is well placed to continue to lead support to the Government on the implementation of the Universal Periodic Review.
Regarding cross-cutting issues, UNDP Uzbekistan has paid a lot of attention to promoting gender equality. Every counterpart emphasized how gender was taken into account in joint efforts. Nonetheless, gender equality has been and remains an issue in Uzbekistan, and UNDP and its partners will continue to have to review how the underlying patterns and causes of inequality can better be addressed. The feedback on UNDP capacity building has also been very positive, underscoring strong national ownership; more consistent efforts at monitoring effectiveness and sustainability would be particularly useful in this area.
As the UN programme mandated to support the UN Resident Coordinator System, UNDP Uzbekistan should continue to remind UN staff and counterparts of the breadth and depth of the UN mandate on human development. All programmes should work together on building greater awareness and on strengthening the linkages, both internally and externally, especially to promote women’s empowerment and the central elements of human-rights-based human development.
Existing partners are very positive in their feedback on partnerships, which can be attributed to a strong emphasis on relationship management in UNDP Uzbekistan projects; more can be done to make UNDP’s partnerships more inclusive and to integrate them more strongly with a programme-based rather than project-focused approach. Knowledge management tools (e.g. websites) appear to work well during projects’ life cycle, i.e. as long as they are maintained via dedicated UNDP funding, but more can be done to ensure sustainability, including by integrating these tools better, rather having them exist only in relation to individual projects. As such a vital portion of UNDP’s contribution is knowledge-based, UNDP Uzbekistan should ensure the consistent institutionalization of knowledge management efforts. UNDP’s most sustainable efforts have been designed from the outset to work on handing over responsibility to counterparts and building the full capacity to lead implementation via national mechanisms.
Regarding resource mobilization, UNDP Uzbekistan has been successful in overcoming constraints in donor funding compared to other development agencies, and has mobilized Government contributions and secured Government-led scaling up of successful pilots. Continuing and expanding such successful initiatives with the Government, UNDP Uzbekistan should increase UN capacity to swiftly respond to new development programming opportunities. Beyond the UN Joint Programme, this implies sharing capacity more with other UN agencies and partners, for assessments, resource mobilization and monitoring and evaluation. Responding to the Government’s request, UNDP should continue to help the Government shape the donor environment. Building on the trustful relations with the Government, UNDP should strive to increase Government cost sharing. In addition, UNDP should diversify its partnership base to mitigate reliance on a limited number of donors, including via new opportunities with non-traditional donors and the private sector.
UNDP is one of the most trusted development partners of the Government, with a broad mandate on human development and the capacity and international expertise to deliver highest-quality support. Among the key strengths has been effective communication, above all via electronic media.
Based on its comparative advantage as a very broadly mandated UN programme that works very closely with the Government, UNDP can help facilitate international support on sustainable human development (e.g. under the Government’s emerging Vision 2030, the MDGs and the global development goals that will succeed them). UNDP is particularly well placed to serve the Government and all the people of Uzbekistan, including by connecting to top-level international expertise and development experience in the 177 countries the United Nations Development Programme is active in."

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