Oil and Gas Pipeline

The construction of fuel pipelines along high-throughput corridors can alleviate demand for rail, barge, and truck transportation. Pipelines have a very different externality profile than other freight transportation modes due to differences in construction, operation and maintenance costs; labor, energy, and material input intensity; and frequency and magnitude of environmental and safety incidents. Therefore, public policy makers have a strong justification to influence the economic viability of pipelines. We use data from prior literature and US government statistics to estimate environmental and safety characterization factors for pipelines. In 2008, two pipeline companies proposed the construction of an ethanol pipeline from the Midwest to Northeast. We use this proposed project to inform our simple case study, and evaluate potential long-term societal impacts including cost savings, life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, employment, and safety incidents. Although it may take decades to break even economically, such a pipeline would likely have lower cumulative emissions, employment, injuries, and fatalities than the alternative multi-modal system in under ten years.

""Bölge içi/dışı birçok devlet/ devlet olmayan aktörün çatışan çıkarlarının olduğu Kafkaslar (BTC, BTE) ve Ortadoğu’daki boru hattı (İran-Türkiye) projelerinin hayata geçip işlerlik kazanmasında siyasi dinamikler belirleyici olmuştur. Hiç şüphesiz, kâğıt üzerindeki birçok projenin hayata geçmesi için de siyaset belirleyici olacaktır. Bu bağlamda İsrail-Kıbrıs-Türkiye ve Kuzey Irak-Türkiye boru hattı projesinin işlerlik kazanmasının önündeki siyasi engellerin irdelenmesi ve bunların aşılması yolunda öneriler getirmek son derece önemlidir.""

Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings contains the seminal articles from the growing body of research on megaproject planning and management along with an original introduction by the editor, Bent Flyvbjerg. The leading and most cited authority in the field, Flyvbjerg has used crowdsourcing and 25 years of experience to cherry-pick from several hundred articles and books the writings that define the field. This volume will be an indispensable source for those wishing to speak with authority about how megaprojects are prepared, delivered, and fought over. The target audience is students, academics, practitioners, and media pundits alike, as well as communities affected by megaprojects.

"http://www.researchmoz.us/global-and-china-gas-to-liquid-industry-2013-market-research-report-report.html

Gas to Liquid basic information included Gas to Liquid definition classification application industry chain structure industry overview; international market analysis, China domestic market analysis, Macroeconomic environment and economic situation analysis and influence, Gas to Liquid industry policy and plan, Gas to Liquid product specification, manufacturing process, product cost structure etc. then statistics Global and China key manufacturers Gas to Liquid capacity production cost price profit production value gross margin etc details information, at the same time, statistics these manufacturers Gas to Liquid products customers application capacity market position company contact information etc company related information, then collect all these manufacturers data and listed Global and China Gas to Liquid capacity production capacity market share production market share supply demand shortage import export consumption etc data statistics, and then introduced Global and China Gas to Liquid 2009-2018 capacity production price cost profit production value gross margin etc information. "

Demand for OCTG pipe will outpace growth in the number of drilling rigs through the forecast period. This is due to rising offshore activity, deeper wells, and growing use of horizontal drilling techniques. In addition, higher pressure drilling techniques will increase the tonnage of OCTG pipe, since wall thicknesses will need to be increased. Seamless steel pipe will remain the dominant product in this application due to strength in these harsh environments.

The article delineates the major national, regional and international level stakeholders in the westward Trans-Caspian transportation of Kazakh oil, supplemented with a discussion of the prospect of expansion of the Trans-Caspian/South Caucasus corridor in light of the presumably harmful effect of the war between Russia and Georgia in August 2008. It demonstrates that while foreign companies have been backed by their respective governments, national firms have also enjoyed considerable state support, partly due to their close links to the interests of state elites in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. It appears that most companies along the shipping line either belong to the governments of Kazakhstan or Azerbaijan, directly or indirectly (through subsidiaries), or enjoy favoritism and a near monopoly in their markets (crony capitalism). Some of these firms are privately owned but registered in offshore tax havens, while some others have rather obscure ownership structures and corporate profiles. It suggests that cronyism and state capture comprise that politico-economic environment within which the future of Caspian transport systems will have to be decided.