Russia

President Obama’s negotiation of the New START treaty with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev was, with deescalation of material balancing and economic benefits, very successful. Perhaps the most important result of the New START treaty negotiation, however, was the positive relationship it fostered between the two Presidents; in other words, the negotiation’s result was rooted very much in soft power. It follows that because of the overwhelming success of the New START treaty negotiation, America should start to use soft power to a greater extent.

""The present work focuses on the underlying seminal causes of the Annihilation of Jewish Greeks in Bulgarian occupied Northern Greece, along with the Annihilation of their brethren in Skopje, Bitola, Štip and Pirot, also occupied by Bulgaria, as well as with the Annihilation of Jewish Greeks from Thessaloniki and surroundings and the cities of Soufli, Didimoteixo, Nea Orestiada of Thrace occupied by the Germans 70 years ago. A definition of the Holocaust is given that broadens the term beyond its peak point that of the actual assassination of Jews by the Germans and
some of their allies. The definition includes all past historical events and practices that fermented the path to destruction of the European and North African Jewry during the World War II as well as the now and current state practices. Starting milestones are the Preliminary Peace Treaty at San Stefano and the Peace Treaty at Berlin both of the year 1878. The root causes of the complicity of the Bulgarian governments of the time in the deportation of the Jewish inhabitants of the “New” Bulgarian territories are analyzed and, given the documentary evidence presented, conclusions are reached. Also, the nation states that were created in the wake of the First World War and the ensuing Peace Treaties are shown to be fraught with all those ingredients that fertilize the national psyche to accept as legitimate racist and exclusive policies. The distinction of Racial Anti–Semitism versus the millennia old Religious one is emphasized. Finally, all of the above lead to the inexorable conclusion that the Jewish citizens of the Balkans, given their centuries of epitomizing, with their predicament and sufferings, what was wrong in our region and Europe in matters of civil rights and other liberties, are the de facto bridge to friendship and understanding amongst our neighborly states""

""Presenter: Stella Ghervas (MSHA, Bordeaux, France).
Paper: “Philhellenism and Russian Ambitions in the Context of the Eastern Question”.

Despite recent efforts to reinterpret a movement as complex as Philhellenism, its eastern branch still remains little known or understood. Based on multiple, unpublished documents
consulted in Russian and Ukrainian archives, this paper takes a new look at the political, diplomatic and religious components of Russian Philhellenism from 1815 to the Crimean War.
This eastern movement entertains a more intimate relationship with the Greeks than its western counterpart, since it brings together humanitarian concerns and a religious affinity that sometimes extends to their cultural language. It falls, however, squarely within the context of the Eastern Question, a Russian geopolitical issue to which the independence of Greece is tightly connected. So, to what degree was Russian Philhellenism a merely generous feeling for brothers in religion, rather than a tool in the hands of a state seeking to dominate the Straits and the eastern Mediterranean, to the detriment of the Ottoman Empire?""

"Manastır şehri hem Türk tarihi hem de Balkan tarihi açısından oldukça önemli bir şehir olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Şehre XIV. yy’da hâkim olan Türkler şehrin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik gelişiminde etkin roller oynamışlardır. Bu çerçevede Manastır ve çevresinde birçok eserler bırakan Türkler, şehrin basın-yayın hayatında da etkili olmuşlardır. Manastır’da yayınlanan birçok gazete ve dergi arasında İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin bir yayın organı olarak ön plana çıkan gazetelerden birisi olması sebebiyle, biz de bu araştırmamızda Neyyir-i Hakikat Gazetesini ele aldık. Yayınlanmış olduğu 1324, 1325 ve 1326 yıllarının önemli siyasi ve sosyal olaylarına tanıklık eden gazete, taşıdığı tarihsel materyal açısından oldukça zengindir. Müdir-i Mesul: Vatan, Sahib-i İmtiyaz: Evlad-ı Vatan başlıkları ile yayımlanan Neyyir-i Hakikat Gazetesi toplam 317 sayı yayımlanmıştır. Bayezid Kütüphanesi Hakkı Tarık Us koleksiyonu ve Ankara Milli Kütüphane koleksiyonlarında tespit ettiğimiz sayılar dairesinde; öncelikle gazetenin tanıtımı, yayın politikası, yazarları ve şahit olduğu önemli tarihi olaylar karşısındaki tutumunu yansıtmaya çalışacağız.
Bitola, located both in terms of Turkish History and the History of the Balcans is a very important city. The Ottoman Turks, who dominate the city in XIV. century till 1912, have played active roles in social, cultural and economic development of Bitola. İn this context, Turks, who left also many works around Bitola, influenced life of the citys’s press.
İn this study we have discussed Neyyir-i Hakikat because it is one of the prominent journal of Union and Progress among many newspapers and magazines published in Macedonia.
Neyyir-i Hakikat, which was published in 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911 that witnessed the major political and social events, has rich historical material. The journal was published with the titles that “Responsible Manager: Homeland, Grantee: Son of Homeland. We do not know exactly how many numbers of the newspaper published so that within the framework of the number that we found in collections of Ankara National Library, firstly try to reflect history of journal, it’s presentation, publication policy, authors and attitude towards the witnessed important events"

This article examines emigration from Ottoman Macedonia to the USA and its socioeconomic impact, as well as the political mobilization of the Greek-Macedonian and Slav-Macedonian diasporas up to the beginning of the Cold War. It scrutinizes the process that led to the conceptualization of Macedonia as a political project and examines the shaping of a separate Slav-Macedonian identity as well as the development of Greek-Macedonian ethnic pride. In addition, it analyzes the relationship between Macedonian immigrants and the Greek State after the Balkan Wars and the attempts made by ethnic organizations to influence American foreign policy on the Macedonian issue.

""Mass media are essential to democratic society; in contrast, the War on Terror has been interpreted as an assault on democracy and freedom by Islamic fundamentalists. The building and maintenance of public support is essential in modern warfare due to the increasing politicization of warfare, where losses and gains are measured in political rather than military terms. And if progress cannot be demonstrated during a war, then by default one is assumed to be losing.

Greg Simons tackles the complicated yet essential role of mass media in society. Taking the Global War on Terror as a prime example, the author adopts a multidisciplinary approach to analyze the various facets of war and the role of the media within it. Assessing in particular the Russian fight against terrorism, this book provides a broader perspective and understanding of contemporary struggles.""

Статья посвящена анализу общих свойств, тенденций и отдельных характеристик народнического движения в России, произошедших в жизненно важный период его существования, в 1881-1882 гг., непосредственно после покушения на императора Александра II, воцарения Александра III и издания правительственного Манифеста, ознаменовавшего начало свертывания либеральных государственных реформ и переход к внутренней политике сдерживания и внешней политике изоляционизма. В революционном разночинском движении того времени происходили важные процессы размежевания и смены общих тактики и стратегии движения, равно как наблюдался и экстенсивный рост движения наряду со сменой приоритетов в области привлечения народных масс.