Cartography

The Amazon River (‘Río de las Amazonas’) has the highest discharge of any river in the world and is also the longest or second longest. Its source has therefore intrigued scholars and explorers for centuries. A river's source is often defined as the most distant upstream point in the drainage basin. For the past several decades, the longest upstream extension of the Amazon River has been held to be the Nevado Mismi area of the Río Apurímac drainage. We overturn this longstanding view by employing topographic maps, satellite imagery, digital hydrographic datasets and GPS tracking data to show that the Cordillera Rumi Cruz (10.7320°S, 76.6480°W; elevation ∼5220 m) in the Río Mantaro drainage lies 75–92 km further upstream than Nevado Mismi. We compare various methods for measuring each of the Río Apurímac and Río Mantaro lengths, and show that high-resolution satellite imagery and GPS tracking most closely follow the path of the water. Our results reposition the ‘most distant source’ of the Amazon to a more tropical location, change the uppermost ∼800 km of river to this point, and add 75–92 km to the river's maximal length.

"Se abordará el problema de la “colonialidad del poder” (planteada por Aníbal Quijano) aplicada al ámbito de las migraciones, mediante puentes interpretativos que dan continuidad a lo colonial en lo contemporáneo. Analizaré este objeto central desde dos ámbitos: uno material, alrededor de la noción de Camino, y otro simbólico, considerando las implicaciones del discurso sobre la “gobernabilidad” de las migraciones irregulares/indocumentadas, alrededor del cual se construye un “régimen global de control migratorio” (Mezzadra, 2000) desde los países, regiones y organismos multilaterales dominantes.

Aquellos ámbitos apuntan a revelar la inmigración irregular/indocumentada como construcción hegemónica de una particular “cartografía del poder postcolonial”. Por esto los paradigmas de la post y la decolonialidad suponen un intento de reconstrucción, y superación, de estos discursos desprovistos de fundamentación ni crítica histórica. Partiendo del análisis contemporáneo de los procesos de migración de personas de origen centroamericano y categoría migratoria indocumentada, que atraviesan México hacia Estados Unidos, reinterpreto los mismos planteando un “giro decolonial” que se interroga sobre la intencionalidad de las conceptualizaciones prevalentes en la construcción de significados alrededor. Estas han girado alrededor de 3 conceptos con los que definir (“condiciones objetivas”), justificar (“derecho a migrar”), y abordar (“gobernabilidad migratoria”) la naturaleza de las migraciones. Estas nociones emanan de aquella “cartografía de poder postcolonial” encarnada en organizaciones supranacionales, que caracterizaré como hegemónicas, siendo la más relevante a efectos de esta ponencia y la investigación que subyace, la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones.

Frente a este particular origen y posición de la “gobernabilidad” entendida como noción que se implanta de arriba abajo, propondremos la conveniencia de potenciar estrategias de gobernabilidad de abajo arriba, con un carácter profundamente continental, pensada para todos los países de Centroamérica que comparten con México las dinámicas perversas de la migración indocumentada. El Mapa Interactivo de la Movilidad Migratoria en México, herramienta desarrollada por el Programa de Asuntos Migratorios de la Universidad Iberoamericana de México, se presenta como una alternativa, una herramienta que se pone al servicio de las personas migrantes, para que (sin cuestionar tampoco, como lo hace la “gobernabilidad” institucional, las causas profundas del hecho migratorio), cada quien pueda “gobernarse” migratoriamente, con información adecuada, conveniente, útil, y socialmente construida."

"Se abordará el problema de la “colonialidad del poder” (Quijano, 2000) aplicada al ámbito de las migraciones internacionales, mediante puentes interpretativos que dan continuidad a lo colonial en lo contemporáneo. Analizaré este objeto central desde dos ámbitos: uno material, alrededor de la noción de Camino (encarnado en la ruta de la Bestia que atraviesa México), y otro simbólico, considerando las implicaciones del discurso hegemónico sobre la “gobernabilidad” de las migraciones irregulares/indocumentadas, alrededor del cual se construye un “régimen global de gestión/control migratorio” (Mezzadra, 2000). Quiero ahondar en esa idea buscando revelar este tipo de migración como construcción de una particular “cartografía del poder postcolonial”.

Partiendo del análisis contemporáneo de los procesos de migración que atraviesan México hacia Estados Unidos, reinterpreto los mismos planteando un “giro decolonial” que se interroga sobre la intencionalidad de las conceptualizaciones prevalentes en la construcción de significados que afectan a los mismos. Estas han girado alrededor de 3 conceptos con los que definir (“condiciones objetivas”), justificar (“derecho a migrar”), y abordar (“gobernabilidad migratoria”) la naturaleza de las migraciones (Mármora, 2002). Por esto los paradigmas de la post y la decolonialidad suponen un intento de reconstrucción, y superación, de estos discursos tendentes a la naturalización, desprovista de fundamentación ni crítica histórica, de la migración humana, que naturalizan nuevos modelos de control y gestión, esta vez bajo el argumento legitimador de la “gobernabilidad”, el paradigma de los Derechos Humanos (Domenech, 2013)"

The article aims at analysing the cartography in the Netherlands during the XVIIth century, starting from a comparison with the artistic production in the same period. Art and cartography will be shown as results of the same economic, social and political context, deeply changed since the independence of the late XVIth century. The contacts and interactions between the two areas of interest will be studied, in order to investigate the causes and peculiarities of the cartographic development occurred in the Netherlands in the XVIIth century, which was defined as an «happy industry» in the Golden Age. The article is based on Vermeer’s and other Dutch artists paintings, hosted in the exhibition Vermeer. Il Secolo d’Oro dell’arte olandese [Vermeer. The Golden Age of the Dutch art]. In many of those artworks, the artists exemplary reproduced maps and globes, giving a clear idea of which role the geographical elements have had in the Dutch development and the article will try to explain why they were distributed that much.

"The large number of journals and the constant changes which are happening in the world of scholarly publishing make it difficult to identify a group of journals relevant to a specific scientific field, particularly when dealing with a sub-field such as mapping sciences, which is inter-linked with many other disciplines. In this research, we form the corpus of active journals relevant to the mapping sciences and present their distribution by country, language of publication and level of accessibility. A systematic review of different subject-specific and multidisciplinary databases (GEOPHOKA, Bibliographia Cartographica, VINITI, GeoRef, Scopus and Web ofScience), library catalogues, publishers’ web sites, professional associations’ web sites and other web resources was carried out. By applying set of criteria, a
corpus of active journals in the field of mapping sciences was defined: it consists of 1 05 selected journals. The corpus of mapping sciences journals is described in detail, and the ISSN for each printed and online journal, the publisher, country, URL, language of publication and data on free accessibility are given. The largest numbers of mapping sciences journals are published in Germany, the United States of America and Poland. There are 53 journals in English language, while 44 are in open access. The limitations related to a lack of transparency of data on mapping sciences journals are discussed, as are questions of terminology."

This paper puts Deleuze to work in education. The field of educational studies is open to new ways of understanding and conceptualising knowledge, such as those that we derive from Deleuze, to the extent that this new knowledge can be used for educative purposes. However, this statement of educative intent means that humanism and morality could immediately take us away from the focus of investigation (see Denzin, 2003); because new knowledge in education is subject to the duality of questions about application. The point of this study is to push the empirical nature of the work done to the limit, and beyond applicative dualisms; in order to understand what is happening to two Sudanese families in Australia, as they start their new lives on a new continent and as part of a different society.

"At first glance, the relationships among tourists, tourism maps, and the spaces of tourism seem straightforward enough: tourists use maps to find their way to and through the sites of history, culture, nature, or recreation represented there. Less apparent is how tourism maps and those using them construct such spaces and identities. As the essays in Mapping Tourism clearly demonstrate, the extraordinary interactions of work with leisure and the everyday with the exotic make tourism maps ideal sites for exploring the contested construction of place and identity.

Construction sites in the “New Berlin,” Alabama’s civil rights trail, Québec City, a California ghost town, and Bangkok’s sex trade are among the spaces the essays examine. Taken together, these essays allow us to see tourist space as it truly is: contested, ever changing, and replete with issues of power.

Contributors: Mary Curran, Eastern Connecticut State U; Dydia DeLyser, Louisiana State U; Owen J. Dwyer, Indiana U; John R. Gold, Oxford Brookes U; Margaret M. Gold, U of North London; Rob Shields; Karen E. Till, U of Minnesota.
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