Negative Dialectics

My topic is modernism as a philosophical problem and my focus is on a dialectical exposition of the phenomenon. I will outline the key concepts essential to understanding the framework of my approach, and then present Perry Anderson’s rather vivid description of the problem that initially sparked my interest in the topic. I will then move on into describing the background of three key modern themes: subjectivity, disenchantment, and the aesthetic. I will then proceed, by way of three key thinkers of modernity: Kant, Hegel, and Marx, into presenting a theory of modernism based on my reading of Theodor W. Adorno’s 'Aesthetic Theory'.

"INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
Hereby I have discussed my reasons and objectives.
2. A NON-PARTICIPATORY HISTORY OF COMMUNIST DISUNITY
Within this chapter I have outlined the impotence of individualised Communist parties across the world and mentioned the South Asian scenario.
3. THE PROBLEMS OF DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM, COMMUNIST PARTY POLITICS AND SOVIET REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
In this chapter, I have introduced lottery-based democracy. In order to explain the concept of Democratic Centralism, I have analysed the Constitution of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and its political implications. I have also mentioned Lenin’s and the Social Democratic support towards representative democracy. With this chapter, I shall argue that Democratic Centralism is one of the reasons behind the Left’s disunity in the XXI century.
4. THE REASONS FOR A PARTICIPATORY PRAXIS. SOME EXAMPLES OF PARTICIPATORY POLITICS Here, I have pointed out the limits and merits of a Participatory Constitutional Front, the pragmatism of a Welfare Associations’ Network and discussed many features of Bolivarianism, as well as the historical significance of the Five-Star movement in Italy.
5. IDEOLOGICAL CONFUSION IN THE LEFT: THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
I have mentioned the concept of planning, problem with money relations in Leninist countries, the advantage of labour-time accounting, the potential of welfare associations and social centres. I have also elucidated the problematic character of left’s segmentation and the importance of participatory ideas.
6. THE PROBLEMS OF UNDIALECTICAL REFORMISM
In this chapter, I have talked about aprioristic reformism as opposed to tactical reformism.
7. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD:  A PARTICIPATORY CONSTITUTIONAL FRONT AND DEMARCHIC PRAXIS TO GO BEYOND THE LEFT’S DISUNITY
From chapter 7 onwards I have begun to illustrate my theory of revolution and describe a semi-participatory way of implementing pre-revolutionary praxis, by means of a tool called “Participatory Constitutional Front”.
8. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD: THE WELFARE ASSOCIATIONS’ NETWORK
I have illustrated how a network of welfare associations could be put into practise. I have discussed its historical significance for the achievement of a radical change through and against bourgeois politics. Also, I have specified the difference between spokesmanship and representation.
9. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD: REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTANCY AGAINST REACTIONARY ACTION AND IDEOLOGISATION
Here, I have discussed my theory of revolutionary accountancy for the pre-revolutionary period, which deals with a feasible quantification of the social impact of both progressive and reactionary labour. With this chapter, I shall argue that Leftists could organise a revolutionary accountancy (based on Marx’s Labour Theory Value) that could greatly contribute to the coming of a radical change and give a clear revolutionary direction to workers and activists.
10. POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD: DEMARCHIC COMMUNISM
Here, I have elucidated general politico-economic characteristics of Postcapitalism.
11. THE CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL PRODUCTIVITY: THE PRECONDITIONING FOR A THEORY OF CONTEMPLATION
In this chapter, I have dealt with philosophy, mass communication and religion.
I have presented my theory of dialectical morality and mentioned features of Islam, Hindu Mysticism, Christianity, the concept of violence etcetera to introduce  a theory of contemplation, which could help the Postcapitalist activists to get a more appealing praxis with the workers.
12. ART FOR THE BOURGEOIS, ANTI-ART FOR THE COMMON PEOPLE
Here, having introduced my concept of historical productivity, I have discussed the concepts of art and anti-art and explained a way to render art historically productive, providing examples.
13. CONCLUSIONS
I have provided the readers with a small recap of the book.
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Biographies typically rely more heavily upon personal documents than do other kinds of history, but subtleties in the use of such documents for psychological interpretation have long been recognized as pitfalls for misinterpretation even when contemporaries are the subject of study. Psychobiography is most persuasive and successful when its hypotheses and interpretations weave together the individual with broader social phenomena and unify these two levels of analysis with any necessary intermediate levels. However, in practice psychobiography rarely connects the individual with phenomena of a social-psychological scale. Psychobiography is probably the only field of historical study more problematic than psychohistory in general, principally because questions of interpretation are so much more difficult. Russian revolutionaries and have been one of the groups most fascinating to historians for the application of psychological approaches, and among these revolutionaries Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin stands out as the most captivating and attention-getting personality. A comparison of two late twentieth-century psychobiographies of the nineteenth-century Russian anarchist Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin (Aileen Kelly, Mikhail Bakunin: A Study in the Psychology and Politics of Utopianism [New York: Oxford University Press, 1982]; and Arthur P. Mendel, Michael Bakunin: Roots of Apocalypse [New York: Praeger, 1981]) reveals some key problems of psychohistorical interpretation and also sheds light on important issues in the historiography of the great anarchist.