Tax

The paper explores the broadening of the tax immunity in article 150, incise VI, letter “d” of the brazilian Federal Constitution with a view to protect e-readers. Through study of the constitutional history of the norm, it elaborates a definition for tax immunity for the purpose of interpretation. The paper defends using a three-part hermeneutic method to get the essence of the immunizing rule, targeted to the guarantee of access to culture and knowledge. It develops a doctrinal and judicial analysis of the immunity towards popular e-readers, with the purpose of determining characteristics of inclusion in the constitutional rule. In the end, the paper proposes the use of preponderance as a means to evaluate how close or distant these devices are in the eyes of the concepts brought by the Constitution.

The study of a social and economic relations in the Inca Empire (XV-XVI century) was carried out by many scientists; many research papers devoted to the issue of the organization of labor and labor service. However, detailed and thorough analysis was conducted only by some scholars (J. Murra, Gary Urton). However, this analysis was combined with an analysis of state fiscal policy and the Inca calendar that would allow more carefully trace the relationship of elements of social-economic structure, such as establishing a population of some provinces according to the types of labor service, and distribution of obligations in time. In this context, an important new analysis of labor in the Inca Empire. So the purpose of the proposed research is to identify fundamental principles of fiscal policy of the Incas. For this we consider the economic structure of the empire.

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Ultimate Tax Reforms - All Direct and Indirect taxes accompanied by tax laws, accounting, auditing and tax returns, can be abolished if a new tax system called “TOP Tax system” is adopted and implemented by all nations. Ultimate Tax reforms will relieve 7 billion people of the world from the cobweb of ambiguous and complex tax structures, plethora of tax laws, mandatory and cumbersome accounting, auditing, tax returns and consequent quagmire of all tax related cases.
Salient features of this new tax system....................
Taxation, tax collection, tax enforcement, tax compliance, allocation of revenues to various ministries or departments and money supply into the economy are unified and integrated in the banking system. In this new tax system there will be no Direct taxes, Indirect taxes, tax laws, tax returns, tax collection departments, tax enforcement agencies and tax tribunals. Citizens need not maintain separate account books and submit tax returns annually for paying either Direct taxes on personal incomes or Indirect taxes while running business or industry. Yet, the tax revenues collected by banks from single tax called TOP Tax will be 30 to 40% more when compared to total tax revenues accrued from all taxes in the present tax system.
TOP Tax system” will make budget preparation of any country to be simple, easy and time saving exercise.
100% tax collections without tax collection departments.
There will be no tax collection expenditure for the Governments and no tax compliance cost for the people.
There will be no check posts, way bills, accounting, auditing, tax laws, tax raids, etc.,
Tax component on any commodity or service will be less than 11%, unlike more than 30% in the present tax system. The prices will be substantially decreased
There will be no tax evasion and its main product black money
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“TOP Tax system” redefines the role of banking sector to pave the way for future economic system that benefit 7 billion people of the world in all spheres of their lives in one form or the other. TOP Tax system suggests integration of taxation, tax collections, tax compliance, monetary system, money supply, registrations, budget preparation, public distribution, preparation of voter lists and population census, into the banking sector.      http://taxationreforms.com

This article illustrates the dramatic tax impact of interest awards in otherwise non-taxable litigation recoveries and proposes two alternative legislative solutions for the over-taxing of plaintiffs in these cases. While plaintiffs who recover personal injury awards typically receive favorable tax treatment, those who receive interest on such awards are taxed on the interest and often are not able to utilize deductions for attorney’s fees and other costs paid to obtain the award. Further, the attorney’s portion of the recovery in a contingency fee arrangement will also be included in the plaintiff’s gross income. The result is that the plaintiff recovers less of the interest than the Treasury or her attorney, preventing the plaintiff from truly being made whole. After reviewing the historical and theoretical framework that produces these results, I suggest previously-proposed judicial solutions to the problem are impracticable and a legislative solution is necessary. I conclude with a proposal for two alternative legislative solutions - an expanded deduction and an exclusion - to provide relief for plaintiffs recovering partially taxable awards and to achieve the policy of fully compensating injured plaintiffs.

In recent years, the debate on what the international literature defines as “Shadow Economy” has become more intense even under the pressure of the crisis, first financial and then economic, which started from 2007 with the consequent need to ensure higher tax revenues because of fiscal consolidation. The issue, particularly strong in Italy in terms of public opinion, but also debated and analyzed on a scienti-fic level, is also reflected in all the advanced economies starting from countries belonging to the European Union. In this context, the aim of the paper is, on the basis of recently available datasets, to analyze the position of Italy in this respect in the context of the European geography of the phenomenon, trying to see if they exist similarities at the scale of the of the various countries as well as a possible sensitivi-ty to recessives phenomena, considered as response (resilience) of the economic and social systems to the shock caused by the crisis.

"Currently, Indonesian is under way to fully adopt the IFRS by 2012. Such an adoption will be mandatory for listed and multinational companies. For the tax purposes unfortunately Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) has not yet come out with the decision concerning adoption of IFRS for tax purpose.
The only available signal is that Indonesia Accountant Association (IAI) will sign MOU with the DGT which schedule December 23, 2012.  In this MOU the tax payer will be given alternatives whether using cost accounting or fair value accounting for tax purpose.  Either way tax reconciliation is still needed.
Basically, the differences between Financial Accounting and Tax are in 3 areas, i.e.: (1) Recognition, (2) Measurement, and (3) Disclosure.  There are also differences caused by lack or no tax regulation(s), i.e.: Cash Flow Hegde Accounting, Tax Credit and Tax Penalty.
To ease the burden of tax payer and to clarify the issues it is recommended that the DGT to issue General Accepted Tax Policies.  "