Fauna

We present radiometric, palaeoclimatological, palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data for the period 40 000-8000 cal BP in the Jura Mountains (eastern France). These mountains culminate at ~1700 m a.s.l. and are today  characterised by a semi-continental climate. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the range supported a local ice cap. While recent data suggest a possible early ice-cap development during MIS 4, the chronology of the regional LGM and following deglaciation has still to be refined. The complete  disappearance of the local ice cap at ca 17 000e16 600 cal BP marked the beginning of accumulation of sediment archives in the Jurassian lakes and mires, which favoured the reconstruction of past changes in climatic and environmental conditions, in addition to faunal remains found in caves and in archaeological sites. Three main successive stages may be distinguished regarding the history of societies. The first stage at ca 40 000e18 700 cal BP was characterized by very few
archaeological sites with only discontinuous intermittent occupations, always located outside the Jura range. The second stage, around 18 700-11 700 cal BP, corresponded to an increase in the population density, as suggested by an increasing number of archaeological sites and a progressive colonisation of elevated areas of the Jura Mountains. The third stage at ca 11 700-8000 cal BP coincided with a reinforcement of settlement in the lowland areas as well as a development of long-term occupations in elevated areas. The millennial-scale GS-1 cold event had a more long-lasting and stronger impact on societies than did the 200 year-long 8.2 ka cold event.

A physical environmental diagnosis may help understand the mechanisms that operate in natural and disturbed areas, allowing guidance of the activities to be developed in order to subsidize preservationist and conservationist actions. Thereby, avoiding irreversible interventions and conserving the region's natural resources. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the Espírito Santo River Watershed (ESRW), in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, by doing a physical environmental assessment to identify vulnerability to surface erosion. In order to achieve that, morphometric parameters, terrain slope, use/land cover and soil type in the region were used. Although ESRW is predominantly rural, its morphometric
characteristics, slope, use/cover and soil type indicate high vulnerability to surface erosion.Our findings show a demand by the adoption of mitigation measures for the preservation of
regenerating wooded areas, as well as planning the management of forest plantations and pastures. Hence conserving water bodies, controlling the growth of forestry in the region, minimizing areas of exposed soil and managing urban and industrial growth, since this basin is home to one of the most important sources of supply to Juiz de Fora.

Hutan Indonesia dikenal kaya dengan berbagai kehidupan liar dan beragam tipe ekosistem serta mempunyai peran yang sangat penting sebagai sistem penyangga kehidupan dunia. Potensi tersebut menjadi perhatian dunia karena pentingnya hutan dilihat dari sisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan hidup

We present the results of some spider surveys that were conducted in different parts of Iran. Faunistic records for 30 species which are new to Iran are presented here. Biogeographic data are provided for each species. Two families, namely Liocranidae and Mimetidae, are recorded for the first time from the country.

The paper presents the results of winter bat censuses in stand-alone bunkers of the Między- rzecki Fortified Front (MFF) not connected with the central part of the underground system of corridors and stations in western Poland. During the years 2005–2012, altogether 47 objects were checked. At least 12 bat species (3536 determined individuals) hibernated in stand-alone bunkers: Myotis myotis, M. nattereri, M. bechsteinii, M. daubentonii, M. dasycneme, M. brandtii or M. mystacinus, Eptesicus serotinus, E. nilssonii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus sensu lato, Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus and Barbastella barbastellus. M. nattereri, M. daubentonii, B. barbastellus, P. auritus and M. myotis were dominant in species composition (in total 94.4%) and occurred in a great number of structures (17–38). M. dasycneme and M. bechsteinii were definitely less numerous (in total 4.4%) and occurred in a smaller number of bunkers (7–11). E. serotinus, E. nilssonii, P. austriacus and Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. l. represented only 1.4% of all bats recorded and usually occurred in a smaller number of bunkers (4–5). Most of bats species found in stand-alone bunkers were more numerous in the middle part of MFF near the Central System. The number of species and number of individuals were higher in the deep multilevel bunkers located in forested areas. In contrast, in bunkers located in open areas, only the species characterized by wide climatic tolerance such as B. barbastellus and P. auritus were found.

The use of biotelemetry methods can provide information on animal behaviour, movement ecology and energetics. However, deployment of biotelemetry equipment on free-living animals incurs risk of damage or loss, which can result in high cost and low sample sizes. To facilitate the uptake of these methods, we have recognized the need for a prescribed procedure for assessing failure risk in biotelemetry studies. Here, we have adapted a commonly used technique in industry and engineering, Event Tree analysis, to facilitate risk estimation and deployment procedure critique. This method can incorporate the use of fuzzy logic to accommodate the uncertainty and scarcity of technical data that are often associated with animal biotelemetry equipment and techniques. Alternatively, probabilistic data may be used for procedures where appropriate models have been established. To encourage the adoption of this method by the scientific community, we have developed a freeware program, Biotelemetry Event Tree (BET). We advocate the use of this method, in the interests of scientific robustness and animal welfare.

Este trabajo técnico educativo es una compilación de experiencias en la producción intensiva de pecarí de collar. Las tareas contenidas en él, son producto de experiencias académicas y prácticas en la UMA Rancho Viveros de 25 años atrás a la fecha y en otros criaderos intensivos de pecarí de collar. Algunos aspectos podrán diferir de lo reportado en la literatura, pues aquí se enfatiza su aplicación en proyectos campesinos. La naturaleza y alcances de la experiencia, presenta su importancia en cuanto a la actual trascendencia social; pues los proyectos campesinos de crianza de pecarí de collar que inicien con base en las tecnologías propuestas de este manual, estarán siendo detonantes de regiones prioritarias del estado de Veracruz y otras partes del país; donde la especie necesita conservarse y aprovecharse racionalmente mediante una producción sustentable. Por lo que, el presente trabajo práctico-educativo describe experiencias propias en manejo de algunos puntos clave de la cría intensiva del pecarí de collar, en los ámbitos de mas difícil control para la producción de esta especie, la cual, mediante apego a los lineamientos de la  normatividad justifica la propuesta, en razón de disponer de una alternativa de adopción de tecnología básica; con el fin de establecer una opción adecuada, segura y eficaz, en la producción intensiva de pecarí de collar.

With still a long way to go, comparing with other studies and analysis of archaeological sites, a lot has changed in the last decade in Portugal. Zooarchaeology is now seen as an essential tool to understand human behavior and its relation with animals. We aim the summary of work done and its methodology, considering taxonomic, taphonomic and osteological approaches to animal remains, focusing the Algarve and the Islamic period as the perfect paradigm.