Minority Rights
I gruppi zigani sono molti e differenti. Abitano da secoli il tessuto urbano d’Europa. Sono parte integrante della storia italiana, soggetti in uno stato di diritto. Spesso, tuttavia, le politiche nei loro confronti assumono tratti... more
I gruppi zigani sono molti e differenti. Abitano da secoli il tessuto urbano d’Europa. Sono parte integrante della storia italiana, soggetti in uno stato di diritto. Spesso, tuttavia, le politiche nei loro confronti assumono tratti marcatamente discriminanti e di frequente gli enti locali adottano vere e proprie forme di razzismo istituzionale. Altre volte, politiche e provvedimenti ben intenzionati falliscono per le proteste e le mobilitazioni locali, ma anche per il mancato ascolto e coinvolgimento dei diretti interessati, i rom e i sinti. Il volume tenta di fornire idee e appigli per uscire da questo senso di impotenza: i diversi contributi che lo compongono mostrano strade concretamente percorribili nell’azione pubblica. Guardando alla sfida di una politica democratica e partecipata, questo libro racconta una pluralità di casi empirici che aiutano a capire come è possibile rispettare i diritti fondamentali delle minoranze, moltiplicando il consenso sulle politiche necessarie per una migliore convivenza.
Far from integration into the Israeli incorporation regime, Palestinians inside the state are today placed in a paradoxical situation where, as Arab citizens of a Jewish state, they are both inside and outside, host and guest, citizen and... more
Far from integration into the Israeli incorporation regime, Palestinians inside the state are today placed in a paradoxical situation where, as Arab citizens of a Jewish state, they are both inside and outside, host and guest, citizen and stateless. Through the paradigm of stateless citizenship, Shourideh C. Molavi examines the dynamics of exclusion of Palestinian citizens and analytically frames the mechanisms through which their statelessness is maintained. With this she centres our analytical gaze on the paradox that it is through the actual provision of Israeli citizenship that Palestinians are deemed stateless. Molavi critically engages with the liberal variant of Zionist thought, and deconstructs discourse around minority rights and liberal citizenship in the context of Israel's racialized ideological and political makeup.
"Abstract Iran is facing a serious domestic challenge. Non-Persian ethnic minorities are mobilizing to claim their rights under an Islamic Republic, which minority activists claim is systematically neglecting and discriminating against... more
"Abstract
Iran is facing a serious domestic challenge. Non-Persian ethnic minorities are mobilizing to claim their rights under an Islamic Republic, which minority activists claim is systematically neglecting and discriminating against them. Yet contemporary Iranian ethnic politics is severely understudied and media coverage rarely engages with it. This article explores the ways in which ethnicity play into Iranian domestic politics in subtle, intricate and highly important ways. For this purpose, it focuses on how the interconnected factors of ethnicity, regionalism and tribalism figured in the 2013 combined presidential and local council elections in Iran in a particular province that has a history of ethnic tensions. Incidentally, these elections brought Hassan Rouhani, a moderate cleric, to power as president. Amongst his electoral promises was to end the securitization of the minority issue. This article serves to illustrate some of the barriers to a transformative ethnic politics -- barriers that the new president will have to overcome to enact real change.
Keywords: Iran; minorities; elections; securitization; tribalism; regionalism
In January 2014, newly incumbent president of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, was busy implementing a historic deal with Western powers over Iran’s controversial nuclear program. Yet in the middle of this demanding situation, Rouhani took the time to visit a province in Iran’s south-western corner. Meeting with local officials, he stated that ‘domestic politics, with all of the complications that come along with it, is more difficult than international politics’. Apart from an allusion to his domestic conservative adversaries who are wary of his rapprochement with the West, Rouhani also hinted at tensions marring Iranian society. While much attention is paid to external relations and foreign policy, crucial domestic challenges are often overlooked and understudied in the coverage of Iran.
Indeed, why was it so important for Rouhani to visit a province in the periphery? Bordering Iraq, the province of Khuzestan is an extremely sensitive region that contains much of the oil industry generating vital state income. It is also home to ethnic minorities, including a significant and largely discontented community of Arabs. When framed ethnically, Iranian politicians view Arab expressions of discontent as a separatist threat.
Although Iran has been known historically in the West as Persia, non-Persian minorities make up a large segment of the population – about half, according to estimates commonly cited in Western works. Ethnic minorities such as the Azeris, Kurds, Lors, Gilakis, Arabs, Baluch and Turkmen coalesce around shared notions of kinship, regional belonging and/or a language different from the majority’s Persian. Religious minorities such as Christian Armenians, Jews and Zoroastrians identify in religious terms different from the Muslim majority. The Sunni Muslims among the Kurds, Turkmen, and Baluch are both ethnically and religiously different than the Persian-speaking Shiite majority. Furthermore, several of these communities have historical bonds with co-ethnics in neighbouring countries.
A diverse and growing ethnic movement now challenges the socioeconomic, political and cultural hegemony of the Persian-speaking centre, claiming that the Islamic Republic discriminates against minorities. With its demands for decentralization and ethnic rights, this collective but unorganized ethnic mobilization is perceived as a threat by Iranian nationalists of both secularist and Islamist persuasions, who argue that the movement runs counter to Iran’s national identity, historic unity and territorial integrity. The state has reacted to minority activism with violence and repression. The minority issue, in short, constitutes a key site of contention in Iranian identity politics.
The present article explores the role of ethnicity in voter dynamics during the combined presidential and local council elections in 2013. Through a specific focus on these elections in the province of Khuzestan, I will anatomize the complexity involved in ethnic politics in Iran today. I argue that apart from as a reflection of growing ethnic awareness, this complexity should also be read within the context of centre/periphery contestation, and with an eye to the role of tribalism. By adding to the preciously few studies of post-revolution Iranian provincial politics, and by tentatively assessing the prospects of a transformative minority politics, the article will thus help broaden the discussion on obstacles to democratization in Iran."
Iran is facing a serious domestic challenge. Non-Persian ethnic minorities are mobilizing to claim their rights under an Islamic Republic, which minority activists claim is systematically neglecting and discriminating against them. Yet contemporary Iranian ethnic politics is severely understudied and media coverage rarely engages with it. This article explores the ways in which ethnicity play into Iranian domestic politics in subtle, intricate and highly important ways. For this purpose, it focuses on how the interconnected factors of ethnicity, regionalism and tribalism figured in the 2013 combined presidential and local council elections in Iran in a particular province that has a history of ethnic tensions. Incidentally, these elections brought Hassan Rouhani, a moderate cleric, to power as president. Amongst his electoral promises was to end the securitization of the minority issue. This article serves to illustrate some of the barriers to a transformative ethnic politics -- barriers that the new president will have to overcome to enact real change.
Keywords: Iran; minorities; elections; securitization; tribalism; regionalism
In January 2014, newly incumbent president of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, was busy implementing a historic deal with Western powers over Iran’s controversial nuclear program. Yet in the middle of this demanding situation, Rouhani took the time to visit a province in Iran’s south-western corner. Meeting with local officials, he stated that ‘domestic politics, with all of the complications that come along with it, is more difficult than international politics’. Apart from an allusion to his domestic conservative adversaries who are wary of his rapprochement with the West, Rouhani also hinted at tensions marring Iranian society. While much attention is paid to external relations and foreign policy, crucial domestic challenges are often overlooked and understudied in the coverage of Iran.
Indeed, why was it so important for Rouhani to visit a province in the periphery? Bordering Iraq, the province of Khuzestan is an extremely sensitive region that contains much of the oil industry generating vital state income. It is also home to ethnic minorities, including a significant and largely discontented community of Arabs. When framed ethnically, Iranian politicians view Arab expressions of discontent as a separatist threat.
Although Iran has been known historically in the West as Persia, non-Persian minorities make up a large segment of the population – about half, according to estimates commonly cited in Western works. Ethnic minorities such as the Azeris, Kurds, Lors, Gilakis, Arabs, Baluch and Turkmen coalesce around shared notions of kinship, regional belonging and/or a language different from the majority’s Persian. Religious minorities such as Christian Armenians, Jews and Zoroastrians identify in religious terms different from the Muslim majority. The Sunni Muslims among the Kurds, Turkmen, and Baluch are both ethnically and religiously different than the Persian-speaking Shiite majority. Furthermore, several of these communities have historical bonds with co-ethnics in neighbouring countries.
A diverse and growing ethnic movement now challenges the socioeconomic, political and cultural hegemony of the Persian-speaking centre, claiming that the Islamic Republic discriminates against minorities. With its demands for decentralization and ethnic rights, this collective but unorganized ethnic mobilization is perceived as a threat by Iranian nationalists of both secularist and Islamist persuasions, who argue that the movement runs counter to Iran’s national identity, historic unity and territorial integrity. The state has reacted to minority activism with violence and repression. The minority issue, in short, constitutes a key site of contention in Iranian identity politics.
The present article explores the role of ethnicity in voter dynamics during the combined presidential and local council elections in 2013. Through a specific focus on these elections in the province of Khuzestan, I will anatomize the complexity involved in ethnic politics in Iran today. I argue that apart from as a reflection of growing ethnic awareness, this complexity should also be read within the context of centre/periphery contestation, and with an eye to the role of tribalism. By adding to the preciously few studies of post-revolution Iranian provincial politics, and by tentatively assessing the prospects of a transformative minority politics, the article will thus help broaden the discussion on obstacles to democratization in Iran."
Research Interests:
Ethnic Studies, Security, Iranian Studies, Race and Ethnicity, Securitization, and 16 moreMinority Studies, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Regionalism, Ethnic Conflict, Iranian Modern History, Ethnicity, Minority Rights, Ethnicity & Ethnic Conflicts, Iran, Tribalism in the Modern Middle East, Minorities, Tribal studies, Khuzistan, Ethnicity and National Identity, Ethnic politics, and Khuzestanedit
Research Interests:
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Il volume rappresenta un’assoluta novità nel panorama della letteratura giuridica italiana. Si tratta, infatti, della prima opera che cerca di fornire una visione completa, aggiornata e interdisciplinare dei problemi giuridici relativi... more
Il volume rappresenta un’assoluta novità nel panorama della letteratura giuridica italiana. Si tratta, infatti, della prima opera che cerca di fornire una visione completa, aggiornata e interdisciplinare dei problemi giuridici relativi alla condizione in Italia delle persone appartenenti alla minoranza dei Rom e dei Sinti. I capitoli fanno riferimento a molteplici aspetti con ricadute di rilievo tanto per la giurisprudenza costituzionale che per quella ordinaria, ma anche per il diritto dell’UE e la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. Sono così approfonditi tutti gli aspetti della condizione delle singole persone (italiane, straniere o apolidi) e dello status della minoranza in sé, le norme statali e regionali rilevanti, le prassi istituzionali e i problemi di discriminazione, le raccomandazioni e le proposte emesse da organismi internazionali. Le analisi vanno a toccare il diritto costituzionale, pubblico e regionale, il diritto amministrativo e urbanistico, il diritto penale e processuale penale, il diritto civile, il diritto del lavoro, il diritto internazionale e dell’Unione europea. Sono presenti altresì riflessioni di diritto comparato (Francia, Spagna, Ungheria, Romania, Stati dell’ex-Jugoslavia), nonché analisi empiriche sulle prassi amministrative e giudiziarie. Oltre ad analisi svolte da giuristi accademici, l’opera contiene contributi di magistrati e avvocati, ma anche di sociologi, politologi, epidemiologi, antropologi e linguisti scelti tra coloro che più si sono distinti nello studio del mondo rom e sinto. Sono altresì presenti contributi di rappresentanti di istituzioni statali italiane, della Commissione europea, del Consiglio d’Europa e dell’OSCE, nonché testimonianze di rappresentanti dell'associazionismo rom e sinto. L’appendice contiene un’articolata bozza di progetto di legge elaborata dai curatori.
Research Interests:
Sociology, Ethnic Studies, African Studies, Anthropology, Racial and Ethnic Politics, and 64 moreCritical Race Studies, Human Rights, Power (social), Race and Racism, Social Problems, African Diaspora Studies, Stigma, Africa, Critical Race Theory, Islam and Human Rights, Race and Ethnicity, Stigmatization, Discrimination, Human Rights Education, East Africa, Minority Studies, Apartheid, Racial Identity, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Racism, Exclusion, Ethnic Identity, Ethnic minorities, Muslim Minorities, African Diaspora, Social Exclusion, African Politics, Race and Religion, Marginalized Identities, Everyday Racism, Kenya, Race and ethnicity (Anthropology), Racialization, Somalia, Ethnicity, Social Class, Racial and ethnic discrimination, Somaliland, Minority Rights, Horn of Africa, Race, Social Stigma, Minorities, Minority, Otherness, Society, African history, African culture, African politics, African education, Afrocentrism, African-Centred Education, Black Psychology, Black Sociology, Black Family Research, Black Men, Black Youth, African Consciousness, Black Consciousness, Race and Racism, Marginalized Populations, Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illness, Other, Somali history, Marginalised Groups, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, and Sudan, Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Social mobility and education. Social class. Ethnicity/'race' and minority studies. Roma/Gypsy/Travellers. Mixed methods research, Marginalization, Ethnicity and National Identity, Ethnic politics, Djibouti in Horn of Africa, Ethnicity and Developmnet, Social Exclusion and Social Inequalities, Inter ethnic Relations, Kenyatta University, and Ethnicity and Nationalityedit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
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Il volume raccoglie analisi concernenti l’ordinamento giuridico vigente in Italia, anche con riguardo alla giurisprudenza costituzionale ed ordinaria, all’ordinamento dell’Unione europea e alla giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei... more
Il volume raccoglie analisi concernenti l’ordinamento giuridico vigente in Italia, anche con riguardo alla giurisprudenza costituzionale ed ordinaria, all’ordinamento dell’Unione europea e alla giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. Esse esaminano aspetti atti- nenti a molte discipline (dal diritto costituzionale e pubblico, al diritto amministrativo e urbanistico, al diritto penale e processuale, al diritto civile, al diritto del lavoro, al diritto internazionale e dell’Unione euro- pea). Sono presenti altresì riflessioni di diritto comparato e analisi del diritto vigente in alcuni Paesi europei (Francia, Spagna, Ungheria, Ro- mania, Stati dell’ex Jugoslavia), importanti analisi di carattere sociologico e contributi di carattere linguistico, politico e medico, nonché al- cune analisi sulle prassi amministrative e giudiziarie svolte da magistrati, avvocati e antropologi. Ad essi si aggiungono riflessioni di rappresen- tanti di istituzioni statali italiane, della Commissione europea, del Con- siglio d’Europa e dell’OSCE, nonché comunicazioni e testimonianze di rappresentanti del privato sociale, dell’associazionismo e dei gruppi rom e sinti presenti in Italia.


