Telecommunications

In this paper, the outage performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative diversity system with a maximal-ratio combining receiver at the destination terminal in Rician fading environments with different K-factors is investigated. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver is upper bounded. Closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and the moment generating function (MGF) of the bounded SNR are derived. These statistical results are then applied through numerical evaluations to obtain the outage probability. Numerical results of the outage probabilities are presented to illustrate the performance improvement due to cooperative diversity.

"This report tackles the ‘macro’ as much as the ‘micro’ aspects of privacy issues in Senegal: we highlight formal, textual guarantees of privacy as much as practices such as SIM registration and biometric enrolment. We begin the report with a quick overview of the Senegalese government’s approach, and then examine the country’s international and regional human rights obligations. We then provide an overview of the country’s different laws and decrees as a means of highlighting the juridical context. Some of these laws, such as those on personal data protection, get further examination in later sections as appropriate. The report goes on to discuss the role of civil society organizations that work to defend privacy rights. The main goal of this report is therefore two-fold: first, to analyse constitutional and legal approaches, and second, to shine light on concrete public and private practices that impact on privacy rights in Senegal. We have organized our argument by issue area, as follows:

• Personal data protection
• Communications surveillance
• Spying and internal security
• Media and censorship
• Identity and discrimination
• Identification and biometrics

The report concludes that although Senegal has a commendable formal structure for the regulation of privacy, tendencies observed in practice suggest that existing laws need to be reinforced or simply better enforced. Due to the growth of the information society and the multiplication of security practices over the last ten years, privacy in Senegal requires stronger protections. The report’s conclusion is an optimistic and forward-looking zone, as it proposes a number of recommendations that we believe provide a more balanced and effective protection of privacy rights in Senegal."

To take advantage of the changes, we need to have an open attitude to new developments instead of defending old rights, and work together with the regulator to stimulate real competition rather than trying to slow down the liberalisation process. Rather than trying to defend ourselves against the current political trend of liberalisation, we should change as a corporation, shed our monopolistic past, and take the lead in the transition from voice to multimedia.