Social Networks

Despite conventional wisdom that a dictator is better off facing an opposition divided into many groups and with few connections between them, this poster contends that under some circumstances, a strategy of "divide and conquer" could actually further the emergence of a popular protest movements. Using network simulations, I model how individuals join protest movements based on their friend's decisions to protest and predict in what kind of societies a small group of protesters can set off a "protest cascade", mobilizing a large part of society. In this examination of the spread of complex contagion in a network with homophilic clustering based on group membership, I find that both the level of segregation and the number of subgroups display a inverse U-shaped relationship with the probability of a cascade occurring. Furthermore, in a society with two groups, a smaller
group can be more effective in starting a cascade than a larger one. If the minority is small it will be helpful if the initiator has connections to the majority group - but if the minority group is reasonably big (i.e. larger than ca. 30%), then an initiator at the border of both groups is actually less likely to spark a revolution, as she is spreading her forces too thin. This finding can be explained in terms of clustering induced by the size and number of groups. A low level of clustering prevents cascades to set off, while a high level of clustering increases the probability that a cascade fails to spread to other subgroups.

This paper presents a procedure for solving instances of the joint replenishment problem using the golden-section method.
The algorithm includes an iterative method for obtaining a narrowing search range for the continuous variable in order to carry out less
iterations. We studied the behavior of the algorithm experimentally and made comparisons with the heuristic technique known as RAND,
solving randomly generated problems.The results showed that the golden-section algorithm with the proposed improvements obtains
the optimum solution for up to 100% of the problems solved, it is very stable when faced with the increase in the number of products in the problem and the runtime
is notably competitive. The procedure is easy to implement and useful for professionals working in planning.

In A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000), Dave Eggers perceived himself as part of “the lattice,” an internet-like “vast matrix, an army, a whole, each one of us responsible to one another … a human ocean moving as one” (Eggers, 2000, p.211) On the cusp of Web 2.0, the attention-hungry Eggers imagined of a community drawn to his own story by his desire to reflect their lives and create a better world. This utopian project of communicating and sharing is identifiably post-postmodern: seeking humanistic connection predicated on empathy, identification, and respecting differences, in spite of obstacles.
By 2013, however, Eggers’ vision had become more nuanced. In The Circle (2013), while the internet has some innovative, utopian applications for fostering community, knowledge, and social improvements, the novel’s titular company’s agenda has alarming consequences. In pursuing noble goals, under The Circle’s watch a culture of narcissism, manipulation, peer pressure, and voluntary surveillance emerges online and offline. Are such changes mere ‘bugs in the system’ en-route to technological utopia, or exploitative dystopian controls?
Through close analysis of The Circle, this paper argues that the novel’s exploration of negative applications of the internet strikes a note of disquiet about the direction of online culture, 21st century American society, and cyber-capitalism. Considering the novel’s Biblical allusions, conspiracy fiction appropriations, and political links, this paper asks: if, as The Circle proposes, ‘All That Happens Must Be Known,’ (Eggers, 2013, pp.67, 68), and users agree, then what are the consequences for America and Eggers’ post-postmodern literature?

The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the logic and structure of centrality measures applied to social networks. On the basis of the article by Borgatti and Everett, identifying the latent functions of centrality, we first use a survey of personal networks with 450 cases to perform an empirical study of the differences and correspondences between degree, closeness and betweenness centrality in personal networks. Then, we examine the correspondences between the three global indicators in each type of centrality: the maximum value, the mean value and the hierarchy or centralization. The results provide a better understanding of the centrality indicators of networks and the reality that they express in an empirical context.

In many economic situations, a player pursues coordination or anti-coordination with her neighbors on a network, but she also has intrinsic preferences among the available options. We here introduce a model which allows to analyze this issue by means of a simple framework in which players endowed with an idiosyncratic identity interact on a social network through strategic complements or substitutes. We classify the possible types of Nash equilibria under complete information, finding two thresholds for switching action that relate to the two-player setup of the games. This structure of equilibria is considerably reduced when turning to incomplete information, in a setup in which players only know the distribution of the number of neighbors of the network. For high degrees of heterogeneity in the population the equilibria is such that every player can choose her preferred action, whereas if one of the identities is in the minority frustration ensues.

The purpose of this paper is to explore profiles of secondary school students’ use of social media and determine their views about its outcomes to learning. This research was based on phenomenological approach. The participants were determined by maximum variation sampling which is a type of purposeful sampling. The work group consisted of fourteen secondary school students. The data were gathered by standardized open-ended interviews. The data were analysed by content analysis technique. The data showed that social media was referred to as a source of surfing for information both for school issues and personal interests. The way students used the social media included both risks and opportunities. The data implied that social media provided students with a fertile setting to socialize interact and express self ideas and emotions. It supports learning indirectly through strengthening communicative and language skills and increasing the power of perception that leads to a better comprehension. Statements of the participants explored that those social media content occupied students with their own learning history. Consequently, we should keep in mind that it is the users’ ability, awareness, competence and creativity that will make social media valuable and meaningful.

By the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, strong Cretan influence was evident in the material culture of sites across the southern Aegean. The nature and degree of this influence and the processes by which aspects of Cretan material culture were spread and adopted have been widely debated. Recent approaches to this ‘Minoanising’ phenomenon have examined the choices made by both producers and consumers within southern Aegean communities, in order to develop new interpretations regarding local social and economic strategies. This presentation will discuss the insights that have been gained by applying such an approach to the uptake and use of Cretan weaving technology in southern Aegean settlements during the Middle and early Late Bronze Age (contemporary with the MM I-LM I period on Crete).
Among the ‘Minoanising’ objects present at the southern Aegean sites are discoid loom weights of Cretan type. These were the first loom weights of any form to appear at most of the sites, and represent the adoption of a new loom type: the warp-weighted loom. This form of loom had been in use on Crete since the Neolithic period. Evidence for the adoption and use of warp-weighted loom technology at various sites will be compared and, drawing on recent advances in textile experimental archaeology, the types of textiles that could have been made using the Cretan-style discoid loom weights will be discussed.
Weaving is a complex skill that requires contact between novice and expert practitioner over an extended period of time, and the implications of this with regard to the acquisition of non-indigenous textile craft knowledge and know-how will be examined. Finally, the evidence for the production of textiles will be considered within the context of associated questions of dress and identity, in order to explore possible motivations for the adoption of the new loom type.

Cuánto valor añade el emárketing cultural y como lo hace
En España, 7,5 millones de turistas extranjeros generaron ingresos por valor de 6.000 millones de euros. Principalmente de Italia, EEUU y Francia procedían el 59% de los 2,9 millones de visitantes al Museo del Prado en 2011. De Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido procedían la mitad del millón y pico de turistas del Museo Thyssen.
La percepción y los análisis sobre la importancia del emarketing cultural en esas cifras son todavía débiles. Se atribuye fácilmente a la crisis económica y a la contracción del gasto familiar el incremento de las visitas a los museos, pero convendría estudiar la influencia efectiva de las redes sociales en este cambio de valores y hábitos culturales.

Uma das consequências da aparição da sociedade em rede foi a
transformação estrutural da noção de espaço público verificada por impacto das redes sociais num ambiente comunicativo caracterizado por uma aceleração significativa das trocas simbólicas, induzidas pelos meios digitais, nomeadamente redes sociais e comunicação
móvel.
A análise destas transformações implica uma abordagem crítica do conceito de espaço público, entendido genericamente, como instância de interacções simbólicas em que emerge um debate colectivo entre cidadãos interessados na participação politica. . As redes sociais e as comunicações móveis, ao penetrarem na domesticidade e reconfigurarem as interacções sociais, transformam as noções de espaço, tempo, interacção e participação, gerando questões dificilmente contornáveis: que públicos se formam das novas
formas de interacção entre os privados? Qual o significado do diálogo público nas novas condições de interacção geradas por novos dispositivos e plataformas?
Assim, importa verificar como é que as redes sociais e comunicações produzem impacto na própria configuração da acção pública. Quais são os modos de racionalidade presentes na sua expressividade? De que forma as trocas simbólicas expressam na sua
materialidade a reconfiguração das estruturas do espaço público? A fim de conferir densidade empírica à análise, recorre-se nomeadamente, a exemplos proporcionados durante estudos de
caso das páginas do facebook e vídeos do you tube durante as manifestações realizadas em Portugal contra as medidas de austeridade. Neste sentido, adianta-se como hipótese a
existência de vários níveis de transformações: a) Nos domínios linguístico e discursivo, passando pela estetização das mensagens, resultante da introdução de formas de expressividade; b) Ao nível da circulação do conhecimento, eventualmente objecto den transformações no modo da sua circulação, disseminação e recepção; c) Na concepção de política em que se adivinha uma sobrevalorização da participação directa em detrimento da política profissional bem como o afastamento da formas consideradas canónicas que fazem
apelo à deliberação racional: d) No plano epistemológico, graças ao predomínio da dimensão relacional da festa - afectiva - sobre a dimensão racional, programática e estratégica.

Knowledge on climatic variations can expand a local community’s capacity to adapt to climate change. In recognition of this process, there are number of knowledge transferring and awareness building
programmes that have been undertaken in developing countries around the world. While many such programmes are focused on ‘introducing knowledge into local systems’ this research emphasizes the ‘existences of knowledge within local systems’ on climate change. This study aims to explore the level of awareness on local rainfall and temperature variations among different societal groups in Negombo and Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. The research findings stress the existence of strong observations and memories on climatic variations among local societal groups that exist at different degrees. The findings of this research suggest strengthening knowledge sharing mechanisms within local systems will enable communities to learn from one and another in order to enhance their adaptive capacity so as to be more resilient to the emerging threats of climate change.

We have been always attentive to the development of the techno-scientific bases of the social productive force. Therefore we have been following up the swift development of the world communication network, meant as movement of men, things and especially information: a real collective brain. Our "two-ways" correspondences show us that some find our job stimulating even though they are dubious about our trust in the role of science concerning revolution. Others are enthusiastic about this matter as they consider it as much important as the revolution due to Darwin ’s evolution against the previous immanentist conception of shapes and organization of the living; others in turn are spitefully judging our attention towards "bourgeois science" which is unable to solve mankind dilemmas.

Resumen
El desarrollo y el auge de las tecnologías de la comunicación impactan en la vida social generando nuevas prácticas y rituales de socialización, y por tanto nuevas subjetividades signadas por la era de la fluidez, la velocidad, la visibilidad y lo virtual. Las transformaciones que se producen en la subjetividad e intersubjetividad a partir de nuevas prácticas de autoconstrucción, se sostienen en el uso de redes sociales digitales. El paso del papel a la pantalla no solo evidencia el cambio del medio sino la transformación de la subjetividad que se construye en los nuevos géneros autorreferenciales y biográficos. Es decir, otras formas de constitución y consolidación de la propia experiencia y las relaciones, donde las apariencias y la visibilidad adquieren un valor preponderante en el espectáculo de las vidas privadas. Sin embargo, y en primera instancia, el proceso por medio del cual se desarrollan las nuevas tecnologías implica en gran medida la pérdida de la privacidad personal porque la forma en que funciona la economía así lo exige. La presión sistémica nos obliga a renunciar a nuestra privacidad para acceder a los servicios de la sociedad de la información. En este sentido, no solo nos transformamos a partir de la manera en que pensamos las nuevas realidades virtuales emergentes sino también mediante la forma en que las experimentamos. El desafío requiere ver más allá del horizonte cercano para dar cuenta de las lógicas ocultasligadas a las nuevas prácticas y propuestas de consumo que se hibridan y modelan nuestra conciencia individual y colectiva.

Abstract
The development and the rise of communication technologies impact in social life generating new practices and rituals of socialization, and therefore new subjectivities be marked by the fluidity, speed, visibility and virtual. The transformations that occur in subjectivity and intersubjectivity from new practices on selfbuilding of the personality are sustained in the use of online social networks. The transition from paper to screen not only evidence the change of the medium but the transformation of subjectivity that is built in the new self-referential and biographical genres. That is, other forms of incorporation and consolidation of one’s experience and relationships, where appearances and visibility acquire a dominant value about to show ours private lives. However, in the first instance, the process by which new technologies are developed largely involves the loss of personal privacy because the way the economy works so requires. Systemic pressure forces us to give up our privacy in accessing the services of the information society. In this sense, not only transform us from the way we think the new emerging virtual realities but also by how we experiences it. The challenge requires looking beyond the near horizon to expose the hidden logic linked to the new practices and consumer proposals wich are hybridized and shapes our individual and collective consciousness.