Economic Globalization

Corruption has been one of the most debated issues in the social science literature for decades. It has negative outcomes in economics such as: reducing private sector investments, tax revenue, economic growth and development; deterring foreign direct investments; causing misallocation of sparse resources; lowering the resources allocated for infrastructure, public services and anti-poverty programs; deteriorating environmental quality etc... Moreover, it may weaken political stability and democracy of a country. Because of its destructive effects, there are ample studies in the literature trying to identify determinants of corruption. Besides the already identified
determinants of corruption (e.g., trade openness, bureaucratic inefficiency, rule of law, political rights, religion, democracy, freedom, political stability, poverty, education etc.), globalization level of a country may also affect corruption level in that particular country. Hence in this study we analyze the impact of globalization (i.e., over all globalization, economic globalization, social globalization, and political globalization) on corruption in a panel framework for African countries. Our results imply that over all
globalization, economic globalization, and social globalization reduce corrupt activities in an economy.

Kína globális stratégiájának pontos mibenléte és kibomlásának folyamata nem egyértelmű. Igen sok változás történt a Xi Jinping (Hszi Csin-ping)-időszak első periódusában, amelyek lényegesen érintették ezt a stratégiát is. Tanulmányunk megvizsgálja, hogy vajon a kínai stratégiában vannak-e globális célok, hogyan bomlik ki egyáltalán, hogyan jellemezhető. Végignézzük a kibomlás és a változás fő meghatározóit, így a gazdasági növekedést és a fő partnerek dinamikusan alakuló stratégiáit. Tanulmányunk nem erősíti meg a radikális változásokról szóló állításokat, ugyanakkor azonosítja a külső stratégiának egy lassú, sajátságos formálódását és alakulását.

Due to reasons such as insufficient domestic savings rates in developing countries, the dependency on external debt has been increased so as to provide funding for the purpose of developing of these countries. This has led to the external debts to be unsustainable and a serious economic problem for many developing countries in the following years. However, the rise of economic globalization has increased the speed of international capital flows and

Even though historians have studied the Edwardian fiscal controversy in great detail, in particular the movement for Tariff Reform, there remain important gaps in the literature. This paper provides an analysis of the Tariff Reform campaign ‘from below’ and with an emphasis on how Tariff Reformers employed creative and innovative techniques in an attempt to embed their ideas within British political and popular culture. Our analysis makes it clear that Tariff Reform was more than just a ‘high political’ disagreement over trade theory; disseminated through a combination of printed and visual material, it was able to mobilise people and resources on a massive scale and sought to become ubiquitous in Britons’ daily lives in print, on the streets, in the shops, or in their entertainment. We further argue that Tariff Reform took advantage of such media to promote ideas in opposition to the phenomenon of globalisation. By focusing on how these featured in discussions of Britain’s relative economic power, how it interacted with patriotic sentiment, and how it touched upon Britons’ material interests and gender identity, we conclude that Tariff Reform was able to make anti-globalisation pertinent to Briton’s daily lives and ubiquitous in public.

St. Louis University Law Journal, Vol. 62, No. 1, 2017

This paper proposes a novel use of tax policy to address one of the most pressing issues arising from economic globalization and international migration, that of “brain drain” – in particular, the migration of certain skilled and highly trained or educated professionals from less and least developed countries to wealthy “western” countries. This problem is perhaps most pressing in relation to doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals, but exists also for teachers, lawyers, economists, engineers, and other highly skilled or trained professionals. While there have been other proposals in the past to use tax policy to address brain drain (most famously versions of the so-called “Bhagwati Tax”, a form of exit tax), in this paper I provide an account of and justification for using tax credits, modeled loosely on the foreign tax credits U.S. citizens receive in certain situations for taxes paid in other countries. My proposal avoids several of the pitfalls of other methods of using tax policy to ameliorate the harms of brain drain, as it does not subject people from the developing world to potentially onerous double taxation, and does not depend on sophisticated tax collection capabilities within developing countries, capabilities which are often lacking. Additionally, my proposal also leads to fewer morally problematic restrictions on the liberty of citizens of less and least developed countries than do non-taxed based alternative proposals, such as temporary bans on migration. While the proposal cannot hope to completely solve the problems that arise in relation to brain drain – no approach can do this – it does provide a straightforward way to ameliorate the problems that arise from it without placing significant financial or liberty burdens on already less advantaged people from the developing world.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3226855

Globalization processes are one of the most debated current issues which significantly contributes to the transformation of the recent society. Several impacts of globalization processes are in the opinion of experts at least contradictory. The ambition of presented contribution is to highlight the homogeneity and heterogeneity of selected important contradictory impacts of ongoing globalization processes. Subsequently, the ambition of the contribution is to identify the challenges and risks associated with the outlined issues.

F*ck May 68, Fight Now: Exploring the Uses of the Radical Past from 1968 to Today, 

Session 1: History is a Weapon

June 8, 2018

Department of History, University of Liverpool

http://events.history.ac.uk/event/show/16184

https://discoversociety.org/2018/09/04/circumnavigating-the-past-foreclosing-the-future-commemoration-of-the-radical-past-in-the-amnesiac-present/

This essay documents efforts of a small tribe of subsistence gardeners and hunters to copy capitalist undertakings, such as trade stores and markets, in the decades following first contact. These businesses have either been short-lived or have taken forms that depart from functional capitalism. Capitalism requires proprietors to amass sufficient profits from customers to maintain the business and their living. This has not been possible in this intimate, egalitarian, and relatively isolated society. Expectations of sharing and mutual care move proprietors to disperse capital among family members and other intimates. Non-intimates from whom profits could be extracted without damaging social relations are inaccessible. By comparison, proprietors in high-population, stratified societies are able to engage in capitalist relations with non-family to bring in a steady income. However, even in societies where capitalism thrives in certain sectors, capitalism breaks down in intimate groups who avoid profit-seeking at one another's expense because this undermines their intimacy and common purpose. Shared domestic provisioning dominates in intimate, economic in-groups such as family units in large and small societies, and capitalism breaks down at their borders.

Reference:
Lohmann, Roger Ivar
  2017  Capitalism Meets Its Match: Failed Mimesis of Market Economics among the Asabano of Papua New Guinea. In Mimesis and Pacific Transcultural Encounters. J.M. Mageo and E. Hermann, eds. Pp. 164–185. ASAO Studies in Pacific Anthropology, Vol. 8. New York: Berghahn.

Abstract: Trade in consumer electronics and household appliances in Bolivia operates mainly from popular marketplaces. Multinational corporations enter these once informal, now enhanced economies. This article analyses the expansion of global brands into urban street markets, together with the local branding of electronics and the advancement of popular traders along transnational commodity chains. I argue that these socio-spatial transitions offer a counterintuitive articulation between the informal and the formal. Looking at specific localities along the commodity chain from East Asia to Chile and Bolivia, one sees not mere formalization of informal economies as often expected nor a rampant informalization as attributed to current economic globalization, but piecemeal formalization of traders as much as a partial informalization of all actors involved.

Resumen: En Bolivia, la venta de equipos electrónicos se realiza principalmente en mercados populares. Empresas transnacionales están operando en esos mismos lugares. Este artículo analiza la expansión de marcas globales en el comercio popular y la creación de marcas locales al mismo tiempo que el avance de comerciantes a lo largo de cadenas de acopio transnacionales. Mi argumento es que esas transiciones económico-espaciales marcan una articulación contra-intuitiva entre lo informal y lo formal. Enfocando localidades específicas a lo largo de la cadena comercial desde el Este de Asia hacia Chile y Bolivia, no se observa una mera formalización de la economía informal como muchas veces esperada ni una informalización total atribuida a procesos actuales de globalización, sino una formalización incompleta de comerciantes y una informalización parcial de todos los actores involucrados.

Globalization may have positive and negative effects, causing expansion or bring about reduction and crisis. Due to globalization, economic development and economic crisis are spread all over the world much easier and much quicker. Globalization has increased the free trade between countries, but also rich countries now can sell more goods and products to poorer markets. Serbia and Japan had very different path and are taking very different positions in the globalized world. Japan is one of the leading exporter and importer in the world, and Serbia as a part of Europe, but not a part of the European Union, is still struggling to overcome the negative effects of the globalized market. Both economies are constantly changing and the results of those changes should bring
them better integration into the process of globalization.

In my opinion, globalization affects not only the economy but also governance. Thus, unmanaged globalization may affect a country’s economy and the democracy. Incorporating democratic principles into globalization implies that the interests of all trade partners are considered. This is key in reducing risks associated with unmanaged globalization.

This paper seeks to examine economic globalization with particular emphasis on its effects and implications on the global South. In doing this, it is first necessary to define the process of economic globalization. This will then be followed by an analysis of the impacts and implications this process has had on the overall global economy, social justice and most importantly on economic development of the global South. Economic globalization is defined to be the intensified interdependency of the global economy owing to; the growth of cross border commerce and transfer of services; international capital flows and the extensive proliferation of technologies (Gao 2000, 3). It is in essence the increasing integration of world economy. According to Mapuva (2010, 392), the most significant characteristics of economic globalization include liberalization of global trade; financial and production activities; flouting of national economic borders as well as how TNCS and international institutions are increasingly becoming powerful. The rise to pre-eminence of multilateral economic and financial institutions like the Bretton Woods institutions; the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation, is perhaps one of the most outstanding outcomes of economic globalisation. These institutions have prescribed the implementation of neo-liberal development policies as prerequisites of economic growth and development, effectively setting these as norms in the global economic system. This has in turn lead to the adoption of liberal trade policies which include free open markets, lower import tariffs, curtailing import quotas; export controls (Soubbotina 2004, 84). Observed increases in international trade, financial flows and foreign direct investment globally are seen to be consequential of liberal trade policies. However, as this paper will show the distribution of the benefits that accrue from economic globalization has been greatly uneven. Most countries that have embraced neo-liberal development policies like those espoused in the Washington Consensus have been adversely affected by them while overall economic globalisation has resulted in the marginalisation of countries in the global South. With a progressively large part of world GDP emanating from trade (Mapuva 2010, 391), trade liberalization policies have served to stimulate expansion in trade and investment (Gao 2000, 2). Gao (2000, 2) refers to how under GATT and WTO frameworks, tariffs and other non-trade barriers have either been eliminated entirely or effectively reduce. For instance, developing countries have seen a reduction in half of the average import tariffs (Soubbotina 2004, 86). Trade liberalization policies have also improved access to international markets (Soubbotina 2004, 85) which has led to specialization of production in those sectors where countries enjoy relative comparative advantage; efficient production has led to reductions in price of goods as well as increased variety in what customers are getting. World exports grew twice as much as Gross National Product between 1965-1999, with the ration of world trade to world GDP reaching about 30%, with an average of 15% in developing countries and 40% in developed countries (Khor 2000, 3; Gao 2000, 5).

... Ivan Bernier (Université Laval). Florian Sauvageau (Université Laval). ... To the contrary, it demonstrates the need for a new approach to public policy. Public policy on cultural development needs to address three areas: culture, education, and media (see Rigaud, 1990, 1992). ...

In this article written in September 2015 provides, the author provides a detailed and fact-based analysis of the massive Chinese's debt-led growth which followed the global financial crisis of 2008. This aggressive growth model and the related recourse to shadow banking activity, has explained by the author in the article, have allowed the Country to help sustain global economic recovery and sustainability but have also created challenges for corporate debt sustainability and risks related to "zombie" firms and financial institutions. The analysis and the related arguments of the author lead to the idea that in the long-run, in a worst case scenario, the tensions, uneven growth, and potential retaliations might lead to extreme volatility among the leading global economies if not properly negotiated at an international level.

This article covers the main root causes of the "Brexit" event and genesis and provides detailed insights on the potential long-term aftermath of the Brexit decision in an adverse scenario.  The author has analyzed the issue from both the economic perspective and the sociological and behavioral perspective. The author's view and conclusion indicates that in the short-term of the Brexit process tensions and retaliations might lead to a complex negotiation whereas in the medium and long terms there is a higher probability of a compromise between the parties and a burden sharing scenario from the exit (Great Britain and the EU).

For over 35 years Ronald Labonté has been critically analyzing the state of health promotion in Canada and the world. In 1981, he identified the shortcomings of the groundbreaking Lalonde Report by warning of the seductive appeal of so-called lifestyle approaches to health. Since then, he has left a trail of critical work identifying the barriers to — and opportunities for —health promotion work. More recently, he has shown how the rise of economic globalization and acceptance of neo-liberal ideology has come to threaten the health of those in both developed and developing nations. In his recent commentary, Labonté shows how the United Nations' 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can offer a new direction for health promoters in these difficult times. Citation: Raphael D. Labonté identifies key issues for health promoters in the new world order: Comment on " Health promotion in an age of normative equity and rampant inequality.