Canadian Studies

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Second international Conference, Culture and the Canada-US Border Network, University of Nottingham, June 20-22, 2014.

Based on five years of archival research, I will examine and compare the careers of several Canadian magazine illustrators at home and in the United States (including Arthur Heming, Arthur William Brown, Russell Patterson, John Clymer, Rex Woods, Oscar Cahén and Thoreau MacDonald), and assesses how these illustrators’ production affected national identity in Canada. A brief introduction will outline the magazine illustration field and its importance in national culture; and consider how deserved the stigma of cultural and economic treachery attached to illustrators who moved to New York was (“crossing the line”). Then, looking at two dominant tropes—that of the wilderness adventure and that of the pretty girl—I will discuss how and why in elite art and cultural rhetoric 1880-1960 the wilderness was associated with Canada and the pretty girl with the United States. I find that the denigration of girl pictures in Canada was related to imperialist and nationalist stereotyping of the United States as a morally suspect and overly commercialized place, seducing Canada (or Canadian talent) into annexation. I contrast this rhetoric to my documentation of how in fact both countries used both sorts of images, which served to bring the two nations together in more continentalist popular culture. However, until about 1950 Toronto-based illustrators kept Canadian identity different from that of the United States by making the wilderness more wholesome, and the girls less sexy. I argue that the resulting balance between nationalist and continentalist cultural expression offered Canada a positive compromise necessary for the maintenance of Canadian autonomy. Nevertheless, after 1950, due to changes in media and Canada’s post-war interest in internationalism, this balance was lost and Canadian illustration became indistinguishable from the American. I conclude with a discussion on how these lessons from the past may apply to current cultural production and national autonomy.

University Art Assoc. of Canada. Ontario College of Art and Design University, Toronto, ON, October 25, 2014.


One element that characterizes advertising as a form of communication is its ability to address a single individual through an appeal to a broad audience at the same time. Historically, American advertising artists did this by developing illustrations of "types": carefully crafted persons meant to stand for a specific idea, set of values, and consumer rolled into one that most everyone could understand, but that a lone consumer could still identify with in a unique way. My presentation examines this phenomenon in Rex Woods' "pretty girl" cover illustration for Canadian Home Journal, and in his related advertising mascot illustrations of the MacDonald Tobacco Lassie and the Robin Hood Flour woman, Rita Martin. Using content analysis, semiotic interpretation, formal analysis, and archival research, I will demonstrate why and how Rex Woods appropriated an American look and strategy in order to serve and enhance Canadian identity in the Depression and war years. Woods' pretty girls operated not just as the brand identity and salesgirls of the magazine and consumer goods, but also as nationalistic allegories for the public good; the former function enhanced the latter and vice versa. Fundamental to my argument—and to understanding how an individual and a group could be addressed simultaneously—is a technical discussion of Woods' American illustration technique. More than just "style," this type of illustration, which was poised between academic painting and photography, was a rhetorical tour-de-force for constructing an illusion of reality through the refinement of types. I show how the pictorial and surface construction of Lassie's and Rita Martin's individualized portraits supported their social construction as general types within the context of Woods' regular magazine work. I conclude that while the use of types had a hegemonic and manipulative aspect, it also galvanized national cohesion and economic strength through one of Canada's most difficult eras.

This dissertation looks at the ways in which the Toronto-based Hot Docs documentary film festival is undergoing a process of transforming documentary cinema and culture from the margins to the mainstream through a process of the commercialization of documentary. In particular three interlocking forces are examined, including populism, consumerism and liberalism. By privileging commercial interests and strategies over local community, advocacy and political activist considerations, Hot Docs is developing into a very successful and vital cultural institution and event, both nationally and globally. This thesis investigates the consequences of the festival’s commercial strategy with two aspects in mind—the mode of its consumption, and the management of contestation and dissent—and argues that radical perspectives, local advocacy and political participation are being eroded for the sake of a large, accessible and attractive festival image and performance.

Since 9/11, the wars on terror, economic crises, climate change, and humanitarian emergencies have forced decision makers to institute new measures to maintain security. Foreign policy analysts tend to view these decisions as being divorced from ethics, but Unsettled Balance shows that arguments about rights, obligations, norms, and values have played a profound role in Canadian foreign policy and international relations since the 1990s.

The Young Scholars’ Forum invites submissions for its 12th Graduate Student Conference in Canadian Studies at the University of Potsdam. The 2015 conference theme of “Canada in a Changing World: New Perspectives on the Canadian Story” draws attention to processes of change and transformation that have affected Canada and Canadian society. The idea of Canada is undergoing constant remodeling as borders, both perceived and real, are redrawn, and notions of identity, nation, and citizenship come under scrutiny. Global questions concerning energy, security, and climate change, for example, gain ever greater urgency and play out on regional levels: As a consequence, Northern and Western Canada increasingly occupy the national spotlight and rekindle questions of regionalism. How do different groups within Canada—Indigenous, Francophone, Anglophone, Asian, Latino, affluent, poor, old, young, urban and rural, etc.—negotiate such transformations? How are contemporary and historical processes of change, be they internal or external, represented in the cultural domain? And how are questions about multiculturalism, language rights, Anglo-Franco relations and Indigenous-settler relations affected by recent dynamics? It is the purpose of the conference to examine and debate these issues in light of new research from emerging young scholars in the field of Canadian Studies.

We welcome contributions from Canadianists from all stages of their academic training (BA, MA, PhD Students) that are related to the conference theme. We invite submissions from all disciplines, including Literary and Cultural Studies, History, and the Social Sciences, and encourage students with interdisciplinary projects or new methodological approaches in the study of Canada to apply. Presentations can be held in either of Canada’s official languages: French or English.

The conference is designed as a two-day event at the University of Potsdam and in Berlin. It is intended to provide early career scholars in the field of Canadian Studies with a venue to present their research projects, receive valuable feedback, and connect with the Canadian Studies network. Papers presented at the conference may be included in a conference publication.

Please send a 300-word abstract and a brief biography to nachwuchsforum@gmail.com.

Deadline: February 15, 2015. We will inform successful applicants by February 28, 2015.

Environmental Policy in North America: Approaches, Capacity, and the Management of Transboundary Issues provides a comparison of environmental management approaches and capacities in Canada, the United States, and Mexico and evaluates the effectiveness of transborder networks and policy approaches that seek to reduce adverse environmental impacts.

Preston, J.  (2013).  Critically Reading Methods: Settler Colonial Power and The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission.  In C. Fogel, E. Quinlan, & A. Quinlan (Eds.), Imaginative inquiry: innovative approaches to interdisciplinary research.  Palo Alto: Academica Press.  131-144.

This paper examines the use of performance by Abenaki and Mohawk performers during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their activities are illustrative of Indigenous peoples performing culture as a way to market themselves and their goods, and to make obvious to their colonizers their continued existence in the Northeast, a region that believed them to be vanished.