Cultural Differences

This article is about translating oral literature in indigenous societies, especially in multilingual and multicultural areas such as Northwestern California, where shared, regional material becomes ethnically marked when seemingly small changes are introduced. A case in point is the profound symbolic effects that accompany a shift in languages. Though Dell Hymes was deeply concerned with questions of translation, he rarely applied his analytical framework to translations within indigenous cultural settings; more often, he focused on the subtleties of translating oral literature into English, with emphasis on faithfully representing aspects of the structure and style. One way to build on Hymes’s legacy would be to apply his careful attention to matters of structure and style to a discussion of translation within indigenous traditions, where this approach can tease out minor differences that take on great symbolic significance. Translation is a practical, daily matter in much of the world, and in this sense Hymes’s groundbreaking work on the poetics of translation continues to shed light on the subtleties of creating meaning and ethnic distinction in multilingual areas. A commentary to this essay by Charles L. Briggs appears later in this special issue.

This book addresses questions surrounding the constructions of space, culture, society, identity and representation. The geography of cinema extends beyond the screen, director and audience, to include the wider industrial and political complex of the cultural economy. In this sense, culture can be viewed as an economic commodity set within the broader frame of globalization and postmodernism. A cinematic world occupies a territory between our citys streets, the Cineplex, the TV set, and our geographical imagination and identity. These contexts invite inquiries into the production, distribution, exhibition, and consumption of film as well as global cinema, hapticalities of viewing, critical political economies, and cinematic ethno-graphies. This collection provides unique and eclectic insights into the exciting and emerging subfield of film geography.

The Chinese culture is often depicted as challenging for the Westerner to grasp and understand. If both
cultures and communication styles are so different, how can they collaborate successfully at the
workplace? In the work context where shared understanding is essential, how do international
employees deal with these cultural challenges? The paper aims at looking at how employees of an
international company perceive cultural and communicative challenges at work. Based on 16
interviews collected in Norway, Sweden and China, the preliminary results show that the employees
actually use the concept of culture (and thus of cultural differences) as an alibi for poor
communication. Difficulties in communicating with the Chinese can actually be explained by variables
such as proficiency in English and educational background. The results of the study will be presented
in detail at the conference.

Ethnic or ‘foreign’ restaurants offer a range of national foods and cultures to diners around the world. They provide choice and something different from national food and are often provided by immigrants who bring with them their respective cultures and culinary styles. Thus, eating out in an ethnic restaurant is an ‘experience’ which is different from everyday dining.
Much has been written, especially from the anthropological viewpoint about cultural characteristics and difference, but there is little research about how host and national culture interacts in restaurant food service. The objective of a service quality strategy is to bridge the gap between perceived service performance and expectations. This paper considers the effects of consumers’ cultural orientation on their perceptions of service quality in order to provide a better understanding for food and beverage managers. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore the relationships between national culture and host culture on food and service in the hospitality industry.

Different cultures may have a variety of ‘cultural service personalities’ that can help researchers to explain the richness of culture and the impact on consumer service expectation. This can be done by using different components of culture such as; value and belief systems according to Hofstede’s dimensions, communication systems of Hall’s framework and using the Craig and Douglas’ (2006) recommendation of combining all three components of culture (Zhang et al., 2008; cited by Tabari and Ingram, 2013). However, the growth of globalisation and acculturation and the complexity of local and global consumer culture also impacts upon consumer behaviour. The examination of changes in consumer values, using national culture as the cultural unit to analyse customer reaction towards service may not be a suitable framework for the hospitality industry. Similarly, Hariri and Tabari (2013) suggest that using national culture.

"This study examines the effects of cultural differences in color processing. It was expected that people from different cultures have different performances on color categorization and perception of color discrimination. Color categorization and discrimination tasks are used to find relationship between culture and color processing. For that reason the study conducted on Asian, European and Turkish people. However the results of study are different than expectations. The results of study indicated that there is no significant effects of cultural differences on color processing. "

An increasing number of educational policies, academic studies, and university courses today propagate ‘interculturality’ as a method for approaching ‘the Other’ and reconciling universal values and cultural specificities. Based on a thorough discussion of Europe’s colonial past and the hierarchies of knowledge that colonialism established, Impossible Interculturality? interrogates the definitions of intercultural knowledge put forth by EU policy discourse, academic textbooks on interculturality, and students who have completed a university course on the subject. Taking a decolonial approach that makes its central concern the ways in which differences are formed and sustained through references to cultural identities, Robert Aman shows that interculturality, as defined in these texts, runs the risk of affirming a singular European outlook on the world, and of elevating this outlook into a universal law. Contrary to its self-proclaimed goal of learning from the Other, interculturality may in fact contribute to the repression of the Other by silencing those who are already muted.

Impossible Interculturality? suggests an alternative definition of interculturality, which is not framed in terms of cultural differences but in terms of colonial difference. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of the Latin American concept of interculturalidad, which derives from the struggles for public and political recognition among indigenous social movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. By bringing interculturalidad into the picture, with its roots in the particular and with strong reverberations of the historical experience of colonialism, this study explores the possibility of decentring the discourse of interculturality and its Eurocentric outlook. In this way, Impossible Interculturality? argues that an emancipation from colonial legacies requires that we start seeing interculturality as inter-epistemic rather than simply inter-cultural.

The aim of this research is to identify the “cultural problems being faced by international students studying in the University of the Punjab.” It was descriptive in nature and survey research technique was use to identify the Cultural problems being faced by the said students. All international students of university of the Punjab were population of the study, random sampling strategy was used for sample selection. The sample size of the research was 40 international students, which were 50% of total population. The quantitative approaches were used for data collection. Questionnaire was used as research instrument. After the data collection, the data were entered in SPSS for study and analyzed using ANOVA test, sample t-test, frequency analysis, graphic investigation.

This article covers issues of society and organizational culture influence on developing of social responsibility on the examples of companies in Poland and Germany.
Nowadays companies increasingly decide to be involved in the development of social responsibility. Although, in the creation of the CSR-strategy it is important to take into consideration social and cultural characteristics of the environment, towards which these actions will be directed.