Construction Contract Management

— Construction industry participants have started recognizing that accepting the least bid price does not guarantee maximum value. Continuous problems of inferior quality of constructing facilities, high incidence of claims and litigation, frequentcost overruns and use of poor quality of materials have become the main features of Ethiopian's public construction work contracts.This research was undertaken to evaluate the performance of public owned construction projects awarded on a lowest bid awarding system, to determine the effect of advance payment on the contractor's performance, compare lowest and average bid systems,and check the quality of local construction materials use by lowest price won contracts. A literature review was carried out to identifydifferent practices and floated questionnaire survey and laboratory test was conducted for selected and expected materials. Twoalternative bid evaluation methods were discussed and suggested the better one from performance point of view. The questionnairewas distributed to contractors, clients, consultants and other related professional. Additionally, interviews were conducted with them.A total of 88 questionnaires were distributed, including laboratory test results for selected and expected materials found in JimmaTown. The data were collected and 80 valid questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS-20, Excel, and laboratory test resultsrequirement. The study identified that the causes of poor performance of contractors were won projects with lowest price; thereforemore of the respondents do not like the lowest bidding method. Advance payment is the main solution to support financial problemof contractors, but instead of paying in cash, purchasing the necessary construction materials is seen as an alternative to protectcontractors from using the money to other uses. Obviously known that in the current bid awarding method of Ethiopia, most of thetime, in order to be the winner of the bid price should be lesser. This leads the bidder not to get adequate profit, this pushes them touse poor quality of local construction materials. Finally, this work provides valuable information to the Ethiopian government, clients,consultants and contractors and other stakeholders who desire to improve bidding methods; usage of advance payment; ways toimprove performance of contractors and to protect the project from contractors using poor quality of construction materials.

— Construction industry participants have started recognizing that accepting the least bid price does not guarantee maximum value. Continuous problems of inferior quality of constructing facilities, high incidence of claims and litigation, frequentcost overruns and use of poor quality of materials have become the main features of Ethiopian's public construction work contracts.This research was undertaken to evaluate the performance of public owned construction projects awarded on a lowest bid awarding system, to determine the effect of advance payment on the contractor's performance, compare lowest and average bid systems,and check the quality of local construction materials use by lowest price won contracts. A literature review was carried out to identifydifferent practices and floated questionnaire survey and laboratory test was conducted for selected and expected materials. Twoalternative bid evaluation methods were discussed and suggested the better one from performance point of view. The questionnairewas distributed to contractors, clients, consultants and other related professional. Additionally, interviews were conducted with them.A total of 88 questionnaires were distributed, including laboratory test results for selected and expected materials found in JimmaTown. The data were collected and 80 valid questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS-20, Excel, and laboratory test resultsrequirement. The study identified that the causes of poor performance of contractors were won projects with lowest price; thereforemore of the respondents do not like the lowest bidding method. Advance payment is the main solution to support financial problemof contractors, but instead of paying in cash, purchasing the necessary construction materials is seen as an alternative to protectcontractors from using the money to other uses. Obviously known that in the current bid awarding method of Ethiopia, most of thetime, in order to be the winner of the bid price should be lesser. This leads the bidder not to get adequate profit, this pushes them touse poor quality of local construction materials. Finally, this work provides valuable information to the Ethiopian government, clients,consultants and contractors and other stakeholders who desire to improve bidding methods; usage of advance payment; ways toimprove performance of contractors and to protect the project from contractors using poor quality of construction materials.

The lack of clay borrow sources at the Meijaran dam site, along with a high annual precipitation rate in the area, led consulting engineers to replace the clay core with an asphalt concrete core (ACC) at the rockfill dam. The steps taken for the project from the start, i.e. the selection of suitable aggregate sources for the asphalt concrete (AC) and the adjacent filter materials to the end, i.e. ACC placement in the dam body, are briefly discussed. AC mix design parameters, which were finalized upon completion of laboratory tests are presented, as well as the scope of trial placements conducted for optimizing the hand-and machine-placement of the ACC. Proper results were gained both in the final trial placement and in the dam body, in accordance with the quality control program. The air void contents measured in the AC cores were all below three percent. Construction of the dam took about 18 months which, when compared with the placement of a clay core, is a very short length of time for dam construction activities along the northern coastal region of Iran. The Yangtze Three Gorges Technology & Economy Development Co (TGDC) supervised the whole work.