Turkology
Oleg Gutsulyak
Comparative Politics, History of Religion, Postmodernism, Geopolitics, and 21 moreMythology And Folklore, Celtic Studies, Modern Poetry, Pagan Studies, Gothic Studies, Ukrainian Studies, Post-Soviet Regimes, Eurasia, Conservative Revolution, Ukrainian Nationalism, Philosophy, Psychology, Martin Heidegger, German Studies, Ethnology, Viking Age Scandinavia, Scandinavian Studies, Turkology, Old Rus', Kievan Rus', and Slavic Studiesedit
Prof. Dr. Ruben Safrastyan
History, Geopolitics, Conservatism in Turkey, Ottoman History, and 58 moreOttoman Studies, Genocide Studies, Middle East Studies, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Diplomatic History, Humanities, International Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, Nationalism, Middle East History, Historiography, Ottoman Genocide(s), International Relations, Antroposophy, Rudolf Steiner, Foreign Policy Analysis, Modern History, Armenian Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Ottoman Empire, Caucasus, Bulgarian history, Armenian Genocide, Kemalism, Turkish Modernisation, Genocide Denial, Turkish Foreign Policy, Turkology, Armenag Aprahamian, Political Science, International Law, Islamic Studies, Mediterranean Studies, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey-Armenia Relations, International Relations Theory, International Security, Modern Turkey, Turkey, Genocide, Medieval Islam, Conflict and security, Nationalism and Decolonization, Ethnicity and Nationality, Nation building and State making, Belonging and Citizenship, Conflict, Armenia, South Caucasus, Armenian History, Caucasus Politics, Psichology, Antroposophy, Theosophy and Antroposophy, Antroposofia, Antroposofie, Steiner education, and Steineredit
Ali Uzay Peker
Eighteenth Century, Early and Medieval Islamic Art and Architecture, Ottoman-Turkish Westernization, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 60 moreEarly Islamic Art, Archaeology of Central Asia, Islam in Central Asia, Early Islamic Architecture, Architectural History, Archaeology, art history, social history of Central and South Asia, 'Islamic' Architecture, Islam in India, Ottoman art and architecture, Mesopotamian Architecture, Orientalism (Architecture), Orientalism in art, Medieval Islamic, Turco-Iranian World, Mongol world empire Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500) Comparative empire, Frontier, political culture Persian, Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Art History-Seljuk art, 13th C. Seljuk Art and Culture, Seljuks (Islamic History), Medieval Anatolia (Seljuk, Mongol), Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire; Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500); Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture; Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Seljuk and Ottoman Architecture, Seljuk Architecture, Seljuk, Central Asia, Architecture, Art History, Medieval Studies, Ottoman History, Museum Studies, Ottoman Studies, History of architecture, Turkology, Osmanlı/Türk siyasi düşünce tarihi, Mimarlık, Sanat Tarihi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Mimarlik Tarihi, Cultural Studies, Cultural Heritage, Intellectual History, Central Asia, Central Asian Studies, Silk Road Studies, Central Asia (History), History of the Mongol Empire, Silk Road, Cultural Transfer Studies, Samarkand, Double-headed Eagle, Iranian Studies, Iranian Art History, Iranian Architecture, Iranian art and archaeology, Music and Architecture, and METU Architectureedit
Sergei A. Kozlov
Tyumen State University
Head of the Laboratory for the Historical Geography and Regionalistics
Institute of History and Political Science
Christianization of Nomads, Byzantine Studies, Byzantine Literature, Scythians, and 42 moreAncient History, Turkic Speaking Peoples, Medieval History, Byzantine History, Pechenegs, Cumans, Byzantine historiography, Old Iranian peoples, Scythian archaeology, Early Christianity, Cimmerians, Sarmatians, Turkic Speaking Nomads, South East European Studies, South-Eastern Europe, Medieval Bulgaria, Oriental Studies, Orientalism, Medieval Archaeology, Bulgarian archaeology, Bulgarian history, Turkology, Turkic Runic Inscriptions, Sedentary-Nomadic Interaction, Nomadic Peoples, History of Eurasian Steppe, Written and Oral Literature, Oriental Historical Sources (Arabic written Manuscripts, Coins, Seals, Epigraphy, Etc.), Byzantium, Rus, Byzantine history and archaeology, Medieval Balkans, Early medieval Bulgaria, Kievan Rus', Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, Eurasian Nomads, Slavic Languages and Literatures, and Old Bulgarian Literatureedit
Dai MATSUI
Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Mongolian Studies, Yuan Dynasty, Turfan Texts, and 65 moreSogdian, Silk Road, Mongol and Timurid period in the history of Iran, Central Asia, Dunhuang_Ancient Khotan_ Buddhism, Dunhuang manuscripts, Dunhuang Studies, Dunhuang, Central Asian History (Area Studies), Central Asian Buddhism, Central Asia (History), Old Turkic, History of the Mongol Empire, Inner Asian History, Central Asian Studies, Central Asian wall paintings on the Silk Road, Old Uigur, Chinese history (History), Silk Road Studies, Manichaeism, Turkology, Central Asia, Inner Asian Studies, Central Asians/Sogdians in China, Old Turkic Culture, Eski Uygur Türkçesi, Nestorian Christianity, Tocharian, Imperial Mongol Numismatics, Nicholas Sims-Williams, Chaghadaid Khanate, Secret History of the Mongols, Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire; Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500); Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture; Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Central asian history, Chaghatai Khanate, Turfan, Mongol and Timurid Period In the History of Iran, Persian Documents, Manuscripts, Numismatics, Syriac Curch, Sogdiana, Sogdian C Oins and Archaeological Material, Spiritual Culture, Medieval Central Asian trade history, Iran, Medieval Central Asia and Iran, Mongol Empire and Its Successors, World History, Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia, Qara Khitai, History and coinage of the Yuan Dynasty and pre-Yuan mongols in China, Ilkhanate, Mongolian and Central Asian Studies, History of Mongolia, Turkic & Altaic Studies, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, Talat Tekin, Onomasticon Turcicum, László Rásonyi, Timurids (Islamic History), Historical Geography and Cartography of Medieval Eurasia, Abdurishid Yakup, and Old Uighuredit
Erhan Aydın
Old Uigur, Turkic Runic Inscriptions, Old Turkic, Inner Asian Studies, and 72 moreOld Turkic Culture, Central Asian Studies, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Central Asian Buddhism, Turkology, Eski Türk Dili, Türk Dili, Köktürk Harfli Metinler, Eurasian Nomads, Oriental Studies, Archaeology of Central Asia, Central Asia (History), Silk Road Studies, Tang Dynasty, Sogdian, History of the Mongol Empire, Turfan Texts, Dunhuang, Inner Asian History, Northern Wei, Central Asians/Sogdians in China, Turkic Studies, Uyghur, Idiqut, Old Turkic literature, Central Asia, Dunhuang manuscripts, Dunhuang Studies, Tibetan Studies, China Tang~Song Dynasties, Turkic Linguistics, Ancient Turks, Siberia, Siberian Studies, Altaic Studies, Anthropology, Anthropology of Consciousness, Magic, Religion, Spiritualism, Folklore, Mediumship, Trance, Altered States of Consciousness, Psychedelics, Paranormal, Parapsychology, Paranthropology:, Shamanism, Chinese minorities, Islam in China, Chinese Minority Education, Uyghurs, Xinjiang, Turkic & Altaic Studies, Central Asian Societies, Nationalism & Conflict, Ethnography, Mongolic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, Turfan, Inner Asian Archaeology, Asian Studies, Inner Asia, Place Names, Place-Names, Iranian Studies, Chinese Studies, Altaic Linguistics, Runic inscriptions, Eurasia, and Central Eurasian Studiesedit
Thomas Milo
Contemporary Arabic Typeface Design, Turkish Linguistics, Arabic linguistics, Slavic linguistics, Arabic Palaeography, Turkology, and 12 moreTypography, Islamic Art, Early Islam, Arabic/Persian Manuscripts, codicology, Islamic philosophy, early Islamic history and thoughts, Historical Linguistics, Printing History, Hindi/Urdu, Design, Islamic Studies, Middle East Studies, Graphic Design, and Web Designedit
Dinçer Apaydın
Literature, Philosophy, Linguistics, Yeni Türk Edebiyatı, and 17 moreCumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Edebiyatı, Poetry, Literary Theory, Poetics, Discourse Analysis, Metaphor, Semantics, Stylistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Short story (Literature), Sociolinguistics, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Creative Writing, Turkish Literature, Turkology, Modern Türk Şiiri, and Literary Criticismedit
Uwe Blaesing
Turkology, Etymology, Ottoman Studies, Old-Ottoman Interlinear Kur'an Translations, and 12 moreOttoman Manuscripts, Iran and the Caucasus, Language Interaction, Tungusic Languages, Kartvelian Languages, Mongolian Studies, Dictionary, Legends, Plant names, Armenian Turkish language contact, Carl Joh. Maximowicz, and Hamshen Turkish dialectedit
Sultan Tulu
Philology, Mythology And Folklore, Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Turco-Iranian World, and 24 moreMongol, Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500) Comparative empire, Medieval Islamic, post-Mongol, Frontier, Mongol world empire Seljuk, political culture Persian, Language and Etymology, HALAÇÇADA GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN VE EMİR, Languages and Linguistics, Turkology, Dialectology, Linguistics, Sozicolinguistics, Turkich Langueges, Central Asian Politics, Emir Istek Kipi, Istek Kipi, Hungarian language, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, and Turcology, Turco-Iranian linguistic symbiosis, Turkish phonologyedit
Hüseyin Yıldız
Eski Türk Dili, Eski Uygur Türkçesi, Köktürk Harfli Metinler, Etimoloji, and 108 moreMorfoloji, Leksikoloji, Indo-European Studies, Syntax, Mongolian Studies, Phonology, Altaic Linguistics, Old Turkic, Turkish Linguistics, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Turcology, Sumerology, Indo-European Linguistics, Morphology (Languages And Linguistics), Afro-Asiatic Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Ancient Indo-European Languages, Dialectology, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, Contact Linguistics, Language Typology, History Of Linguistics, Lexicography, Lexicology, Languages, Etymology, Etimology, Old Uigur, Onomasiology, Grammaticalization, Lexicalization, Buddhist Philosophy, Siberian Turkic languages, Old Turkic Culture, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, Eski Anadolu Türkçesinde Eser Vermiş Yazarlar ve Eserleri, Etimologia, Turkology, Languages and Linguistics, Runic inscriptions, Turkic Linguistics, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Altaistic, Phonetics-Phonology interface (Languages And Linguistics), Zetacism, Marek Stachowski, Turkish Language, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Proverbs, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri, TURKISH, Türkiye Türkçesi, Türkçe, Kırgız Türkçesi, çingene, Atasözleri, Dictionaries, Türkçede Çingeneler İçin Kullanılan Kelimeler ve Bunların Etimolojileri, Sözlük, Deyim, Abbreviation, Çoban, Ahmet Vefik Paşa, Kyrgyz Turkish, Kısaltmalar, Tarihi Türk Lehçeleri, Alıntı Kelimeler, Atasözü, Prof Dr Ahmet Bican Ercilasun, Abdurishid Yakup, Uygur Bitigleri, Altun Yaruk, Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Turkica, Mongolica, Tibetica, Manchurica, Sibirica, Russica, Science, Baikal, Buryatia, Mongolia, Russia, Oriental, Russian, Tibet, China, Asia, History, Antropology Social, Education, Editorial Design, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, Palindromes, Turkic languages, Tatar Language, Cognitive Linguistics, Noam Chomsky, Rhotacism, Galician, Rhotacism, Ahmet Bican Ercilasun, and Ferruh Ağcaedit
Habibe YAZICI ERSOY
Linguistics, Semantics, Old Turkic, Turkic Linguistics, and 23 moreTatar Language, Eski Türk Dili, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Turkic Studies, Modern Turkic Dialects, Bashkir Folklore, Tatar Turkish, Bashkir Turkish, Küçük Diller/ Kipchak Languages, Tatar Türkçesi, Tatar Turkic, Tatarca, Romanya Tatarcası, Kırım Tatarcası, Kipchaks - Cumans, Tatar, Sozicolinguistics, Turkich Langueges, Crimean Tatar, Central Asian Politics, Turkology, Dialectology, and Department of Turkish Language and Literatureedit
Bülent Gül
Terminology, Turkology, Old Turkic, Mongolian Languages, and 23 moreAltaic Studies, Altayistik, Mongolic Studies, Historical Linguistics, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Turkish language and literature, Agriculture, Mongolian Studies, Onomastics, Germany, Personal Names, Place Names, Turcology, Turkologie, Ibn Muhanna, Mongolian Proverbs, Old Turkish Text, Mongolistik, Agricultural Terms, Medieval Studies, Military History, and Commerceedit
Erdem Ucar
Old Turkic, Old Turkish Literature, Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and 58 moreAltaic Linguistics, Central Asian Buddhism, Old Turkic Culture, Etymology, Central Asian Studies, Medieval Islamic, Osmanlı Türkçesi, Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Turkish and Middle East Studies, political culture Persian, Folklore, Frontier, Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500) Comparative empire, post-Mongol, Mongol, Mongol world empire Seljuk, Turco-Iranian World, Eski Anadolu Türkçesinde Eser Vermiş Yazarlar ve Eserleri, Turkish Linguistics, Turcology, Siberian Turkic languages, Old Anatolian Turkish, Languages and Linguistics, Buddhist Studies, Central Asia, Karahanlı Türkçesi, Etimoloji, Proto-Turkic, Buddhist Philosophy, Buddhist Sanskrit, Tocharian, Turkology, Dialectology, Linguistics, Sozicolinguistics, Turkich Langueges, Central Asian Politics, Turkic & Altaic Studies, Central Asian Societies, Uyghurs, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, Talat Tekin, Sven Hedin, Paul Pelliot, ESKİ TÜRK YAZITLARI, RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLER, ESKİ UYGUR TÜRKÇESİ, Modern Turkish Dialects and Literatures, Old Uigur, Dunhuang manuscripts, Altun Yaruk, Mamluks (Islamic History), Intellctual and social history of the Mamluk Period, Turkish language and literature, Eski Türk Edebiyatı, Abdurishid Yakup, Xinjiang, and Old Uighuredit
İsa Sarı
Etymology, Languages and Linguistics, Turcology, Lexicalization, and 42 moreLexicography, Lexicology, Contact Linguistics, Etimoloji, Köktürk Harfli Metinler, Eski Uygur Türkçesi, Eski Türk Dili, Language Typology, Comparative Linguistics, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Old Turkic, Old Uigur, Siberian Turkic languages, Turkish Language, Language and Etymology, Turkish Linguistics, Turkic Linguistics, Linguistics, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkology, Türkoloji, Linguistics. Word-formation. Morphology. Lexicology. Semantics., Language contact, Turkish language and literature, Technology, Türk Dili, Turkology. (Teaching of Turkish As a Foreign Language, Language Education, Central Asian Epic Literature, Turkic Mythology, Turkic languages, Transcription, Mamluk-Kipchak, Turkoloji, Historical Linguistics, Central Asia, Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Altaic Linguistics, Turkic Speaking Peoples, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, and Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationshipedit
Gabriel Biţună
Arabic Language and Linguistics, Oriental Studies, Arabic Dialects, Arabic Dialectology, and 49 moreLanguages and Linguistics, Linguistics, Arabic, Arabic Sociolinguistics, Arabic translation, Arabic Syntax, Spoken Arabic In Turkey, Mardin, Siirt, Iraq, Spoken Arabic of Baghdad, Applied Linguistics, Tunisia, Mesopotamian Arabic Varieties, Magrebi Arabic Varieties, Cultural Studies, History, Anthropology, Human Rights, Middle East Studies, Arabic Literature, Afro-Asiatic Linguistics, Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL), Anatolian Archaeology, Modern Turkey, Dialectology, Anatolian Studies, North Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco. Culture, Literature and Politics, Turkology, Minorities in Turkey, Comparative Semitics, Turkich Langueges, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Semitic languages, Middle East Anthropology, Arab Christian Studies, Arabic Language, Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, Translation Studies, Islamic Studies, Phonetics, Comparative Linguistics, Contact Linguistics, and Code-Switchingedit
Thomas Carlson
Middle East History, Medieval History, History of Christianity, Islamic and Middle Eastern studies, and 21 moreReligion, Minorities in Turkey, Historical Theology, Trade and travel in medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, Medieval Historiography, Liturgy, Middle Eastern Christianity, History of the Mongol Empire, Turkology, European History, Early Modern History, Armenian History, Syriac Studies, Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire; Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500); Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture; Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing, Ottoman History, post-Mongol, Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu, Syriac manuscripts, Late Antiquity, and Byzantine Studiesedit
Zeynep Aslan
Gazi University
Department member, PhD student
Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Modern Turkic Languages) Department
History and Memory, Oral Traditions, Türk Halk Bilimi, Turkish Culture, and 13 moreTurkish Literature, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri, Turkology, Türk Dili Ve Edebiyatı, Folk and Fairy Tales, Masal, Motif, Lehçeler Arası İLişki, Karaçay-Malkar, Kelime Hazinesi, Sihirli Masal, and Aktarma Sorunlarıedit
Cihan Anzerli
Turkology, Etimology, Dilbilim, Türkoloji, Etimoloji, and 32 moreFolklore, Old Turkic, Terminology, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Culture, Ritual, Turkish Folklore, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Turcology, Eski Türk Dili, Turkoloji, Central Asian Studies, Onomastics, Onomasiology, Antroponymy, Filología, Filology, Filoloji, Alıntı Kelimeler, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri, Turkish Linguistics, Place Names, Personal Names, Scandinavian languages, Turkologie, Mimbres/Mogollon, Mongolian Languages, Mongolian Studies, Altaic Studies, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Karahanid Turkic, and Karahanlı Türkçesiedit
Caner Kerimoğlu
Turkish Linguistics, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Turkish Language, Turkish Studies, and 19 moreOld Turkic, Anatolian Languages, Etymology, Altaic Linguistics, Modality, Linguistics, Turkology, Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Language, Ottoman Studies, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Dialectology, Sozicolinguistics, Turkich Langueges, Central Asian Politics, Turkish Language Education, Semiotics, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, and Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationshipedit
Anna Dybo
Historical Linguistics, Languages and Linguistics, Linguistics, Ethnography, and 18 morePhonetics, Comparative Linguistics, Language Variation and Change, Etymology, Turkish Linguistics, Lexicology, Phonetics and Phonology, Turkish Language, Russian dialectology, Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Turkology, Language Variation, Turkic Linguistics, Altaic Studies, Language and Etymology, Turcology, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, and Mongolic Studiesedit
Mehmet Olmez
Old Turkic, Turkish Linguistics, Turkic Speaking Peoples, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, and 16 moreSiberian Turkic languages, Lexicology, Etymology, Old Chinese Phonology, Morphology, Etymology, Central Asian Buddhism, Yogacara Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism, Turkology, Dialectology, Linguistics, Sozicolinguistics, Turkich Langueges, Central Asian Politics, Altaic Studies, Mongolic Studies, and Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationshipedit
Osman Karatay
History of Eastern Europe, Early Medieval History, Slavic, Eastern European and Eurasian Studies, Turkish History, and 22 moreMedieval Hungary, Religion, Religious Studies, History of Religion, Balkan Studies, Bosnia, Turkology, Eski Türk Dili, Hungarian language, Bosna, Ancient Turks, Khazars, Hungarology, eski Türkler, Boşnaklar, Hungarians, Türklerin kökeni, Eski Turkler, The Mede, Magicians, Khazarians, and Hazaredit
Yaroslav Pylypchuk
A.Yu. Krymskiy Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Faculty Member
Dept. of Eurasian steppe
History of Eurasian Steppe, Central Asian History (Area Studies), Polovtsians, Kumans, Kypchaks, Eurasian Nomads, and 76 moreMedieval History, Chernyie Klobuki, Nomadic Peoples, Finno-Ugric Peoples, Khazar archaeology and history, Russian History, Mongol world empire Seljuk, Ottoman Studies, Pechenegs and Cumans, Inner Asian Studies, Kipchaks - Cumans, History of Golden Horde, Mongols, Medieval Hungary, Early Turkic History, Sedentary-Nomadic Interaction, Nomadic Societies, Life of Genghis Khan, Medieval Russia, Mamluk Studies, History of the Volga-Kama Region, Military History, Mamluk History, History of the Mongol Empire, Turkic Speaking Nomads, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Turkology, Early Medieval History, History of mentality (Classics), South Russian Steppes, Caucasian Steppes, People of the Russian Steppes, Historical Anthropology, Shamanism, Central Asian Studies, Archaeology of ethnicity, Medieval Archaeology, History of Hungary, Central asian history, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, China, Mongol conquests, Yuan dynasty, Central Eurasia, Frontier, Muslims in Yuan Dynasty, Central Eurasian Studies, Medieval Studies, Turkic and Mongolian Ethnic Relations, Central Asia (History), Medieval Europe, Mongolian Studies, Medieval Balkans, Arpadian Age, Cumans, Turkic Studies, Medieval Central Asia and Iran, Mongol Empire and Its Successors, World History, Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia, Mongol and Timurid period in the history of Iran, Central Asia, History of Central and Southeastern Europe, Tatar populations of Ottoman Empire, Crimean Khanate, Crimean Khanate history, History of the Crimean Khanate, Archaeology of Central Asia, Hungarian Conquest Period, The Cultrue Exchange Between the Mongol-Timurid and China, Ilkhante, Orientalism, History of Kazakhstan, History of Georgia, Ancient Turks, Tatars, Crimean Khanate, Kazan Khanate, Crimean Tatars, and Grand Duchy of Lithuaniaedit