Analogy

Rührung, eine mehr oder weniger heftige Bewegung der Seele, der Lebensgeister oder der Nervenfibern, ist eines der grundlegenden ästhetischen Konzepte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Gegen die Tendenz, die „Gefühlsästhetik“ mit Blick auf die Ästhetiken der Goethezeit als einen Restbestand der rhetorischen Überlieferung zu diskreditieren, zeigt Caroline Torra-Mattenklott, dass die bewegende Wirkung der Künste im mittleren 18. Jahrhundert als theoretische Herausforderung begriffen wurde. Das Problem des Einflusses ist für die ästhetische Diskussion der Zeit ebenso aktuell wie für die Physik, die Medizin und die philosophische Anthropologie. Auf der Suche nach Erklärungen kann sich die ästhetische Theorie daher physikalischer Prinzipien bedienen: Traditionelle Metaphern aus rhetorischen, poetischen, musiktheoretischen oder religiösen Kontexten werden zu mechanischen Erklärungsmodellen transformiert. Ausgehend von analogietheoretischen und metaphorologischen Überlegungen stellt die Arbeit eine Reihe solcher Modelle vor. Im Zentrum steht der Begriff der lebendigen, d.h. rührenden Erkenntnis, dessen Geschichte von Ch. Wolff über A. G. Baumgarten, G. F. Meier und J. G. Sulzer bis hin zu J. G. Herder nachgezeichnet wird.

Human body, other animate beings, plants, and organizations are all dynamic and systemic entities. The similarity between living organisms and organizations, especially considering highly evolved organisms such as the human body, is noteworthy. Therefore, whenever an organization fails to accomplish its function and mission, an organizational symptom or disease may be envisaged to have come up; as a result, a variety of organizational symptoms and diseases can be considered. Recent studies have attempted to find analogies between the human body system and a social system such as an organization, to find analogous malfunctions and ailments, in order to enable the introduction of guidelines for the diagnosis of organizational symptoms and diseases, and their remedies and treatments. This paper deals with the concepts of biological metaphor and analogy, which have been present in organizational management for several decades. It attempts to study some subsystems of the human body analogous to the organizational subsystems, and their correspondingly analogous symptoms and diseases. Thus, some treatments and remedies are proposed accordingly, hoping to pave the way for further organizational management research within the development of clinical organizational pathology, based on the concepts of biological metaphor and analogy.

From the proceedings of the IGDAL 5 conference. This study discusses the cross-linguistic grammaticalization paths of the polysemous construction "was + participle" in Hebrew. I show that the three senses of the construction (habitual, counterfactual conditional, subjunctive) are attributable to the three main historical stages of spoken Hebrew. The habitual developed in Biblical Hebrew, which evolved into the counterfactual conditional in Mishnaic Hebrew and emerged as the subjunctive in Modern Hebrew.

From the proceedings of the IGDAL 5 conference. This study discusses the cross-linguistic grammaticalization paths of the polysemous construction "was + participle" in Hebrew. I show that the three senses of the construction (habitual, counterfactual conditional, subjunctive) are attributable to the three main historical stages of spoken Hebrew. The habitual developed in Biblical Hebrew, which evolved into the counterfactual conditional in Mishnaic Hebrew and emerged as the subjunctive in Modern Hebrew.

RESUMEN Este texto describe, primero, cómo se han utilizado las analogías para la investigación sociológica y que funciones heurísticas pueden tener. Poste-riormente, se realizan una serie de analogías en las que se comparan los métodos cuantitativos de la evaluación del trabajo académico con tres ins-tancias donde se han introducido métodos cuantitativos para valorar, clasifi-car y administrar el trabajo y las aptitudes humanas: 1) las plantaciones de esclavos, 2) la sabermetría y 3) la calificación crediticia. Estas comparacio-nes por analogía se realizan con el fin de encontrar relaciones de similitud que permitan comprender mejor la lógica, función y consecuencias de los procesos de cuantificación (al margen del contexto social específico en el que se llevan a cabo).
ABSTRACT This article first describes how analogies have been used for sociological research and the heuristic functions they can have. Then, the author makes a series of analogies comparing quantitative methods of evaluating academic work with three places in which quantitative methods have been introduced to assess, classify, and manage work and human aptitudes: 1) slave plantations; 2) sabermetrics; and 3) credit ratings. The author makes these comparisons by analogy in order to find relationships of similarity that make it possible to better understand the logic, function, and consequences of quantification processes, regardless of the specific social context in which they are found.

The evolution of arm-leg relationships presents something of a problem for embodied cognitive science. The affordances of habitual bipedalism and upright posture make our two sets of appendages and their interrelationships distinctively human, but these relations are largely neglected in evolutionary accounts of embodied cognition. Using a mixture of methods from historical linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics and linguistic anthropology to analyze data from languages around the world, this paper identifies a robust, dynamic set of part-whole relations that emerge across the human waistline between upper and lower appendage sets cross-culturally. The general pattern—identified as " arm-leg syncretism " —provides a plausible primary source for the uniquely human penchant for creative analogy, or " double-scope conceptual blending " , said to underlie the human language faculty (Fauconnier. This account not only addresses a conspicuous gap in the literature but also enables us to better understand what it means to be human—including how we came to be unique among other species and how we are still vitally interrelated with other species. Deely (2010) blends both sides of this tension into a single phrase: " the semiotic animal ". The paper further develops this distinction by drawing attention to one of the roles upright posture played in the emergence of semiotic consciousness.

This study aims to determine the difficulties that middle school mathematics teachers have in teaching integers, the analogies they use to solve these difficulties, and the efficiency of these analogies. The study was conducted with 10 mathematics teachers, 6 females and 4 males, who were working in middle schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MNE), selected using the convenience sampling method. The study used the case study design among the qualitative research methods. The data were collected using open-ended questions and analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. The findings were presented under three categories which are the difficulties they have in teaching integers, the curriculum on the subject of integers, and the analogies found in textbooks or used by teachers and their efficiency. Recommendations were made based on these findings. Centralized Early Childhood Development Policy of the early childhood education.

sommaire
SALAH MEJRI
Présentation
ESA ITKONEN (Université de Turku, Finlande)
Pour L'analogie
CHRISTINE PORTELANCE (Université du Québec/Rimouski, Canada)
Sémantique du goût: quand l'analogie et le figement construisent l'intersubjectivité
SERGE TCHOUGOUNNIKOV (Université de Bourgogne, France)
Le sentiment comme facteur sémantique: la sémantique représentationnelle entre la linguistique psychologique et le formalisme
ÉRIC CASTAGNE (Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, France)
Intercompréhension et analogies entre langues voisines: entre transparences et opacités. Le cas des séquences figées
HAMIDA TRABELSI (I.S.E.A.H du Kef, Tunisie)
Analogie et grammaticalisation: Deux procédés du changement grammatical distincts mais complémentaires
PIERRE ARNAUD (Université de Lyon, France)
L'analogie dans la dénomination binominale des concepts combinatoires en français
JOANNA CHOLEWA (Université de Białystok, Pologne)
Conceptualisation du mouvement à l'exemple de quelques verbes à orientation verticale et direction négative
LOTFI ABOUDA & MARIE SKROVEC (Université d'Orléans, France)
Du mouvement au figement: pragmaticalisation de la forme on va dire. Étude micro-diachronique sur un corpus oral
SARA RALIĆ (Sorbonne-Paris 4, France)
La rencontre des sens dans l'expression défigée, ou l'économie du défigement
Mª ISABEL GONZALEZ-REY (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela)
Une approche analogique à la compétence phraséologique: une double compétence, intégrale et intégrée
BOHDANA LIBROVA (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France)
Pour une description des degrés de figement des locutions martiniquaises: exemple des séquences verbo-nominales fè + N et bay + N
MARKO VIDAK (Sorbonne-Paris 4, France)
Le mot-dièse (hashtag): émergence d'une nouvelle forme de figement dans une diachronie très courte
LUCY MICHEL (Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France)
Le genre grammatical, entre motivation et figement: questions de sémantique
MARIANGELA ALBANO (Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 3, France)
Le tissu analogique du figement:les proverbes créoles antillais et leurs versions en français
OLIVIER SOUTET (Sorbonne-Paris 4, France)
Le R français entre phonétique, morphologie, et psychosémiologie
KARMELE ALBERDI & NATALIA ARREGUI (Université de Grenade, Espagne)
Culture et identité. Le fabuleux univers d'Eduardo Mendoza
CATHERINE CHAUVIN (Université de Lorraine, France)
Polysémie prépositionnelle entre invariance, figement et analogie: une étude de cas en anglais (She was in high heels, in her makeup, ?in a belt)
LEÏLA BEN HAMAD (Université de Sousse, Tunisie)
Sur la prétendue polysémie des locutions «figées»: une étude de cas
LIANE STROEBEL (Université Technique de Rhénanie-Westphalie, Aix-la-Chapelle, Allemagne)
L'influence du concept de source — une analyse contrastive des extensions et des restrictions sémantiques du verbe «monter»
ALEKSANDAR MIJATOVIĆ (Université de Rijeka, Croatie)
La polysémiosis ou la polysémie comme capacité : la notion de sens linguistique chez Bréal, Bergson et Deleuze
ÉLIANE KOTLER (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France)
La polysémie au service de la polémique: le cas des pamphlets d'Agrippa d'Aubigné
CAMILLE COLIN (Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3, France)
L'analogie en œnologie: Pour une petite sémantique œnologique
JEAN-RENÉ LADMIRAL (Université de Paris 10, France)
Analogie et littéralité à la lumière de la traduction

The early Irish law-tract Bechbretha ‘Bee-judgements’ was mainly worked out by analogy with law-tracts on domestic animals. Several times, even the cow is used as model, i.e. the most valuable animal in medieval Irish society. The aim of this study is to understand the motivations that led the author of Bechbretha to elaborate jugdements on bees from so different an animal, i.e. the cow. This question will be assessed by examining the relationship between bees and cows in the fields of Irish diet, literary traditions and law-tracts.

The analogy between love and sickness is a powerful conceptual device that structures our understanding of love (and perhaps partly our understanding sickness, too). We grasp love in the way we do because we have this analogy in mind. My aim in this paper is, firstly, to explore some of the reasons that can be called up to justify the analogy. I will try to identify the properties that love and sickness can be considered to share. I will therefore point out that love and sickness are both characterized by being alterations, conditions demanding a solution, seeming inexplicable, being detectable by symptoms, and so on. These common traits can provide some foundations for the analogy. But a good analogy is not created just because some common traits exist: the shared properties need to be relevant, and the analogy should let us discover new, interesting things about our target concept. So my second question in this paper is: what can we learn about love if we take the analogy between love and sickness seriously? I will develop the analogy, and will try to examine whether some other important traits of sickness can nevertheless be discovered in love, and how they are disguised. Sick persons are not normally responsible for their condition; sickness has possible causes and possible effects; there are therapies, doctors, hospitals, contagion, right or wrong diagnoses; sickness has special relations with voluntariness, and with beliefs. What does all this become on the side of love? Is the analogy successful, or does it end in failure?

Mauricio Beuchot proposed in his "Treatise of Analogical hermeneutics" (1997) a new interpretative model based in the ancient concept of "analogy". As this is a new hermeneutical model here I present Beuchot´s proposal, in order to analyze and discuss his analogical method of interpretation. /
Mauricio Beuchot propuso en su "Tratado de hermenéutica analógica" una nueva herramienta interpretativa basada en el antiguo concepto de 'analogía'. Su propuesta refresca los debates en torno a la hermenéutica y ofrece un modelo nuevo para la interpretación, mismo que ha generado interés internacional. Aquí presento dicha propuesta, sobre todo porque la considero lo suficientemente interesante como para estudiarla y debatirla.

Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) tem como objetivo investigar as ideias que estudantes de um curso de Licenciatura em Química declaram sobre as analogias (conhecimento declarativo) e as relações entre esse conhecimento declarativo e as analogias que os licenciandos elaboram (conhecimento procedimental). Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário e entrevistas de validação. A análise dos resultados indicou que os licenciandos investigados apresentam um conhecimento pouco satisfatório sobre analogias. Estes, na maioria das vezes, apresentaram um conhecimento um pouco mais acurado apenas no nível declarativo. Chegamos à conclusão central de que, durante a formação de professores, o foco quase que exclusivo no desenvolvimento do conhecimento declarativo sobre analogias, pode não ser suficiente para garantir que futuros professores desenvolvam um conhecimento procedimental satisfatório sobre analogias e as utilizem de forma apropriada no ensino de Ciências. A partir disso, apontamos perspectivas para a formação de professores com concepções mais adequadas sobre analogias.

Both Jacques (2010) and Zeisler (2015) propose explanations for the synchronically unexpected past zos of the Tibetan verb ‘eat’. After evaluating their proposals, this essay suggests that zos is the regular outcome of a sound change *-as > -os, the results of which were erased through analogy in almost all other verbs.

There has been a large amount of scholarship on the use of analogy in law, from the use of private law analogies in international law, to effective use of analogy in mooting and litigation. Analogy can be considered one of the most fundamental ways in which students are taught to reason in law. Indeed, Analogy is often likened to the Aristotelian principle of “treating like cases alike” which can be traced back to Book 5 of the Nicomachean Ethics as a fundamental notion of justice. This is comparison of some substance, in fact, psychologists often equate legal precedent with analogous reasoning . In this paper, we will engage with analogy when applied on the internet, through the lens of internet defamation or “cyber-libel” as it is sometimes called.

It is important to emphasise however, that the subject of this paper is not analogy itself as a means of reasoning, (Indeed, I use many examples of analogical reasoning myself throughout this paper) but rather analogising “real world” concepts to concepts from within the “digital paradigm”. It is analogical reasoning by this definition alone that I wish to discuss in this paper. Therefore, this paper may be roughly broken down into 2 parts. The first is an overview of the history of analogy in internet libel cases; what analogies various courts have used, and how individual judges have justified using one analogy over another. In the second, I will theoretically engage with the nature of analogy itself, what attracts us to it as a form of reasoning, and what are the dangers of using it in the context of the internet.