Pipeline

The concept of globalization has become ubiquitous in social science and in the public consciousness and is often invoked as an explanation for a diverse range of changes to economies, societies, politics and cultures - both as a positive liberating force and as a wholly negative one. Whilst our understanding of the politics, economics, and social resonance of the phenomenon has become increasingly sophisticated at the macro-level, this book argues that globalization too often continues to be depicted as a set of extra-terrestrial forces with no real physical manifestation, except as effects.

The essays challenge this dominant understanding of 'globalization from above' through explorations of the mundane means by which globalization has been achieved. Instead of a focus on the meta-political economy of global capitalism, the book concentrates on the everyday life of capitalism, the not-so-'little' things that keep the 'large' forces of globalization ticking over. With its eye on the mundane, the book demonstrates that a series of everyday and, consequently, all but invisible formations critically facilitate and create the conditions under which globalization has flourished. The emphasis is on concrete moments in the history of capitalism when these new means of regular reproduction were invented and deployed. Only by understanding these infrastructures can we understand the dynamics of globalization.

In short, punchy essays by distinguished researchers from across a range of disciplines, this book provides a new way of understanding globalization, moving away from the standard accounts of global forces, economic flows, and capitalist dynamics, to show how ordinary practices and artefacts are crucial elements and symbols of globalization.

Pipeline system is important for any country’s economy. It is used to transport crude oils, natural gas, chemicals across the nations. For a small economy, threat to pipeline structure can have a significant effect as these pipelines are important for meeting the needs of people and organizations. To deal with increasing security threats in form of terrorist attacks, sabotage and illegal tapping, governments across the world are working towards formulating and implementing strategies to keep the pipelines safe from these threats. With most of the processes are now online and implementation of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), threat of cyber-attack is also possible.
To maintain the security and safety of the pipelines it is necessary for organizations to deploy comprehensive solutions maintaining the requirements of the government compliances, policies and regulations. Armed guards are not a solution for the pipelines running in thousands of kilometers. Advanced technologies and solutions like unmanned aerial vehicles, video surveillance, and aqua-based systems become a necessity to secure the pipelines.

Pipeline management is  very important for natural gas pipelines[2]. If natural gas pipeline is mismanaged, there will be  explosion  due  to  reaction  of  its  chemical  components[35]. Using  human  intervention  is  the  traditional  method  in controlling natural gas pipeline but an intelligent system such as fuzzy logic will make the management of pipeline more efficient in terms of satisfying demand, insuring safe delivery of natural gas and preventing explosions[36]. Also simulating it first before implementation will sure save cost in terms of construction[11]. This  paper  presents  the  simulation  on  how  Fuzzy  Logic Controller can be applied to optimize  natural gas pipelines. It uses 5 inputs such as temperature of surrounding, humidity  of surrounding,tank supply level,customer demand and compressor speed  to control the valve opening of pipeline. Simulations were made  using  the  installed  fuzzy  logic  system  of  Matlab.  Aside from verification of the accuracy of fuzzy logic rule rules were determined using a survey of 10 person. Based on the survey, the rule of fuzzy logic was 90% accurate.