Sugar

The renunciation of the Sugar Protocol between European Union (EU) and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in 2007 initiated a gradual reform process that will culminate into a reciprocal Duty Free Quota Free non-preferential access for all sugar producers in 2017. This paper analyzes how the reforms implemented this far have affected Malawi sugar exports. Since expansion of regional trade is seen as one of the adaptation measures for affected sugar industries. The study also analyzed the effect of regional integration areas. The results show that the EU sugar price reforms and elimination of country specific quotas had a positive influence of exports. Malawi being a low cost producer, it was not affected by falling prices and benefited to expanded access granted by a group safeguard. However, the production quotas for EU producers and high tariffs non-preferred producers meant that Malawi was still shielded from competition that will prevail when the EU market is fully liberalized.

" This paper aims at making financial analysis of a sugar entity in terms of liquidity, solvency, operational efficiency and profitability. Management practices with professional approach tend to improve the financial performance of sugar factories by implementing some innovative practices to reduce the controllable cost and generating additional revenues. " Introduction The basis for financial analysis, planning and decision making reflects in scientific analytical financial statement which mainly consists of Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss account of a sugar factory. This summarized financial report provides the operating result and financial position of a sugar factory and detailed analytical information contained therein is useful for assessing the operational efficiency and financial soundness of a sugar factory.

Abstract: In the manufacture of beet sugar, improving discharge water quality is a key objective for effective reuse of water for irrigation purposes. Problems associated with the discharge water includes generation of odors from biogenic hydrogen sulfide and ...

... VI-Project: “Optimization of the sugar cane energy potential with the minimization of ... This project is being developed by the Thermal Systems Study Group from the Federal Engineering School of Itajubá, in Minas Gerais and the COPERSUCAR Technology Center (CTC). ...

Tumbu sugar abstraction is an agriculture-based industrial products, conducted traditionally every cane harvest season. The result is formed in a tumbu, thus. it is called Tumbu sugar. The shape and size of brown sugar or sugar cane, both made from coconut sap, are considered less meet the demand of consumers who want practicality and convenience. Issues to be resolved in this research are improving quality, size and packaging to penetrate export markets. Sugar Tumbu currently form large chunks (100-125 kg), impractical to distribute, and not durable to be saved, easy to melt because it is hygroscopic. The purpose of this research is to produce or design a machine to generate sugar granules tapered cylindrical shape, diameter of 18 mm x height 16 mm = (18 x16) mm. The result of every production process is 10 x 10 = 100 grains. The method of generating mold unit of sugar granules comprising the steps: (1) determine the size of the products of sugar granules to be shaped, (2) designing and generating production machine according to the capacity of production, (3) designing the molding unit in accordance with the size of the shape of sugar granules, (4) test, repair and modification to obtain a good sugar granules. In initial test 10% of grains being produced are failed. It is solved by improving operator skill. On vacuum packaging test, Sugar granules were observed after 60 days seen no deformation compared with the unpackaged ones that become soft, and shrink. Sugar cane Products that molded into sugar granules and vacuum packed have the potential to become export products.

This study introduced, for the first time worldwide, molasses as an additive in papermaking. The introduction of molasses as an additive in papermaking resulted in paper composites with greater breaking length and remarkably higher water retention value (WRV), compared with paper that does not have molasses as an additive. Previous studies have shown that incorporating the cell wall microstructure of cellulose fibers with sucrose greatly enhanced the breaking length and WRV. It is well established in the literature that using gums (including starch) as additives in papermaking enhances paper strength. Molasses, which contains sucrose and gums (including starch) is a byproduct of the sugar industry and is cheaper than sucrose. Mercerization of pulp fibers before loading them with molasses was shown to greatly enhance the positive effects produced by loading with molasses. Application: Paper composites produced using molasses as an additive are useful as specialty absorbent paper.

The South African sugar industry recommends green manuring as a best management practice, but it can only be practised once every crop cycle (every 8-10 years). Intercropping was therefore investigated as a potential means of exploiting the benefits of green manuring over the entire sugarcane crop life. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of intercropping on cane yield, and to investigate the possibility of reducing inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs in the presence of a leguminous intercrop. Four trials, with soybean, cowpea and/or lupin intercrops, were conducted at sites in Paddock, Nkwaleni and Pongola. In total, nine crops were harvested from four trials. Different rates (0, 33, 67 and 100%) of the recommended N were applied to the cane. In seven of the nine crops harvested (78%), no significant yield differences existed between cane-only controls and cane grown with intercrops. The crop response to N was generally poor, with significant yield differences betw...

ÖZET Gıda güvencesinin sağlanmasında önemli bir yere sahip olan şeker birçok ülkenin tarım ekonomisi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle 1980'li yıllardan sonra uygulanan piyasa ekonomisinden doğrudan etkilenen Türkiye tarım politikaları ve dolayısıyla tarım ürünleri, küreselleşme politikaları çerçevesinde dünyaya entegre olabilmek için de köklü değişikliklere uğramıştır. Bu değişikliklerden en çok etkilenen tarımsal ürünlerin başında şekerpancarı gelmektedir. Son yıllarda dünyada yaşanan şeker üretimindeki fazlalık ve fiyatlardaki düşmeler, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü ve Avrupa Birliği tarafından yeni politikaların geliştirilmesine yol açmış ve bu politikalar üreticinin yanı sıra işçiyi, işvereni, tüketiciyi ve ulusal ekonomi ile birlikte şekerpancarının üretim, sanayi ve dış ticaret yapısını da önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Türkiye'nin gerek Dünya Ticaret Örgütü üyesi olması gerekse Avrupa Birliği ile yaşadığı adaylık süreci nedeniyle dünyadaki bu gelişmelerden yakından etkilendiği aşikardır. Bu politikalara uyum sağlamak için 2001 yılında yürürlüğe giren şeker yasasına uyum sağlamakta güçlük çeken Ağrı Şeker Fabrikası ekim alanlarında pancar üretimi yapan yerleşme ve çiftçi sayıları da her geçen gün azalmaktadır. Son dönemlerde uygulanan şeker politikalarından ve yaşanan süreçlerden olumsuz yönde etkilenen Ağrı'daki şeker sektörünü güçlendirmek adına yeni tedbirler alınmazsa 2014 üretim dönemine kadar varlığını sürdürebilme mücadelesi veren Ağrı Şeker Fabrikası'nın (2014 yılında üretime ara vererek) tamamen kapanması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Ağrı yöresinin sosyoekonomik gelişmeyi olumsuz kılan doğal ve ekonomik özellikleri dikkate alındığında şekerpancarı tarımı ile ilgili mevcut zirai ve sınaî faaliyetin yine devlet desteğinde devam ettirilmesi zorunluluğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mevcut fabrikanın devlet desteği ile çalıştırılması yöre halkının bölgeye bağlılığını artırarak, göçün önlenmesi ve bölgede iktisadi faaliyetlere hız kazandırılmasını sağlayacaktır. Bilindiği üzere şeker fabrikaları uyguladıkları sosyoekonomik politikalar ile ülke tarım ve hayvancılığının gelişmesine katkı sağlamakta, kırsal nüfusun ayakta kalmasına ve kırsaldan kentlere doğru yönelen göç sorununun da büyümesini kısmen engellemektedirler. Bu çalışmayla; Ağrı ili için de belirtilen yararları sağlayan Şeker Fabrikası'nın üzerinde son dönemlerde Türkiye'de uygulanan şeker politikalarının özellikle de 2001'de çıkarılan Şeker Yasası'nın olumsuz etkilerinin irdelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Şeker Pancarı, Şeker Politikaları, Ağrı Şeker Fabrikası