Local Government
Legal framework of the local tax in El Salvador and their impact in the business climate
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Corrupt exchanges are often brokered by a third party, but this phenomenon has not been satisfactorily explored by researchers of corruption. Literature on brokerage in general provides interesting models but they have not previously been... more
Corrupt exchanges are often brokered by a third party, but this phenomenon has not been satisfactorily explored by researchers of corruption. Literature on brokerage in general provides interesting models but they have not previously been applied to corrupt exchanges. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with respondents who participated in actual corrupt transactions, this paper identifies several distinct brokerage types in low-level corruption in contemporary Hungary. The paper also provides explanation of variation in corruption brokerage in terms of actors' group affiliations, forms of the corrupt exchanges, brokerage mechanisms, as well as neutrality, benefit and motivation, risk distribution, and stability of the brokerage structure. Finally, we discuss some policy implications of corruption brokerage.
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Post the Egyptian National Reforms Revolution of 25 January 2011 CE, the need for a decentralised governance structure in the Arab Republic of Egypt−crucially in the remote trans-border desert and mountain regions−resurfaced as one of the... more
Post the Egyptian National Reforms Revolution of 25 January 2011 CE, the need for a decentralised governance structure in the Arab Republic of Egypt−crucially in the remote trans-border desert and mountain regions−resurfaced as one of the demanding reforms for sustainable development. The review and discussion is conducted via the introduction and analysis of a proposed neo municipal governance structure ‘organizational blueprint’, while considering the current−2014-15 CE−socio-ecological and socioeconomic needs, on both tactic (i.e. implementation phases) and strategic levels (i.e. the job sector and the willingness of the young local generation in settling). The governance structure is introduced on two phases: i) initial elections and appointments semi-decentralisation phase ‘five-ten years’ (i.e. education and socioeconomic leverage); ii) micro-local financial resources decentralisation phase (i.e. full democratisation). Based on ten years of extensive research-survey work (i.e. Sinai Peninsula Research 2000-2013 CE), this paper presents a potential resolution for the trans-border status and its inter-impacting relation with the domestic one, and how both enforce legislative constraints on land use and ownership and the administrative boundaries. The neo municipal governance structure is a potentially feasible geo-based governance decentralisation alternative in practice, to be empirically implemented nationwide and in developing countries.
Abstract:. Public management reform is concerned with the democratic character of government officials’ decisions and its objective is not just to make the state organization more efficient but to build state capacity. The paper aims at... more
Abstract:. Public management reform is concerned with the democratic character of government officials’ decisions and its objective is not just to make the state organization more efficient but to build state capacity. The paper aims at investigating the driving factors and intended and uninteded managerial reforms’ outcomes in Italian local governments in the scope of Organizational Re-structuring, Modern HRM, Process Re-engeneering.
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Knowledge of whether, and over what range of output, there are economies or diseconomies of scale in providing local communal services is an important question from a theoretical, practical and regional political point of view. The... more
Knowledge of whether, and over what range of output, there are economies or
diseconomies of scale in providing local communal services is an important question from
a theoretical, practical and regional political point of view. The theoretical side of the
question is connected to the primary research regarding the optimal city size. If an optimal
city size can actually be established, then a valid policy argument can be made for fostering
its approximation. However, theoretical considerations are sometimes based on those types
of assumptions, which are often not valid in reality. Therefore, empirical investigations are
essential in this research area.
After a short theoretical overview, the paper initially gives a general outline of previous
controversial empirical evidence on economies of scale regarding community size and the
provision of local communal services. In the second part, the empirical findings are
presented; these concern economies of scale in local communal services based on a large
and detailed database, which consist of almost 300 Hungarian settlements. During the
research, a number of methodological questions have occurred. For example, there are
several solutions for the organisational structure providing local services, from a large
holding to the smaller individual companies. Considering this and some other issues, the
main results suggest that on a community level, there are moderate economies of scale in
water supply, sewage disposal and district heating and a moderate diseconomy of scale in
refuse collection until 5 thousand inhabitants. Above this level there is no connection
between the settlement size and the average cost of services. The results are mainly
consistent with the previous findings: there are economies of scale under a certain
threshold, but after this, unit cost reduction is not feasible. This threshold can be different
in the different types of services.
diseconomies of scale in providing local communal services is an important question from
a theoretical, practical and regional political point of view. The theoretical side of the
question is connected to the primary research regarding the optimal city size. If an optimal
city size can actually be established, then a valid policy argument can be made for fostering
its approximation. However, theoretical considerations are sometimes based on those types
of assumptions, which are often not valid in reality. Therefore, empirical investigations are
essential in this research area.
After a short theoretical overview, the paper initially gives a general outline of previous
controversial empirical evidence on economies of scale regarding community size and the
provision of local communal services. In the second part, the empirical findings are
presented; these concern economies of scale in local communal services based on a large
and detailed database, which consist of almost 300 Hungarian settlements. During the
research, a number of methodological questions have occurred. For example, there are
several solutions for the organisational structure providing local services, from a large
holding to the smaller individual companies. Considering this and some other issues, the
main results suggest that on a community level, there are moderate economies of scale in
water supply, sewage disposal and district heating and a moderate diseconomy of scale in
refuse collection until 5 thousand inhabitants. Above this level there is no connection
between the settlement size and the average cost of services. The results are mainly
consistent with the previous findings: there are economies of scale under a certain
threshold, but after this, unit cost reduction is not feasible. This threshold can be different
in the different types of services.