Marxism
According to the accepted reading, Gramsciβs notion of ideology arises more from Lenin than from Marx, since it is neutral and descriptive rather than critical. In this paper, however, we show this argument to be incorrect. To reach to... more
According to the accepted reading, Gramsciβs notion of ideology arises
more from Lenin than from Marx, since it is neutral and descriptive rather than critical. In this paper, however, we show this argument to be incorrect. To reach to this conclusion we shall argue that: A) the notion of ideology as βfalse consciousnessβ results from a simplification made by Engels, whereas the concept of ideology, as it is elaborated by Marx and Engels in the 1840s, is much more multifaceted; B) the concept of ideology includes in fact the ability to substitute the real social praxis with an imaginary one. As such, the notion of ideology implies also that its critique cannot be reduced to a mere theoretical βunveilingβ, but rather it must consist in the political, practical production of a real substitute for the imaginary one; and C) the conclusion is that only Gramsci, among Marxists, grasped the complexity of the notion of ideology and developed it in a consistent manner as a synonym for a process of truth/reality constitution.
more from Lenin than from Marx, since it is neutral and descriptive rather than critical. In this paper, however, we show this argument to be incorrect. To reach to this conclusion we shall argue that: A) the notion of ideology as βfalse consciousnessβ results from a simplification made by Engels, whereas the concept of ideology, as it is elaborated by Marx and Engels in the 1840s, is much more multifaceted; B) the concept of ideology includes in fact the ability to substitute the real social praxis with an imaginary one. As such, the notion of ideology implies also that its critique cannot be reduced to a mere theoretical βunveilingβ, but rather it must consist in the political, practical production of a real substitute for the imaginary one; and C) the conclusion is that only Gramsci, among Marxists, grasped the complexity of the notion of ideology and developed it in a consistent manner as a synonym for a process of truth/reality constitution.
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Norman Geras made a number of contributions to Marxist thought. Among them are two articles he wrote as a contribution to the βMarx and Moralityβ-debates: βThe Controversy About Marx and Justiceβ in 1985; and βBringing Marx to Justice: A... more
Norman Geras made a number of contributions to Marxist thought. Among them are two articles he wrote as a contribution to the βMarx and Moralityβ-debates: βThe Controversy About Marx and Justiceβ in 1985; and βBringing Marx to Justice: A Rejoinder and Addendumβ in 1992. They both set out to argue, with admirable clarity, depth and rigour, that Karl Marx had, or must have had, a theory of justice, either explicitly or implicitly, on which at least some part of his critique of capitalism rested, over and above well-known commitments to human flourishing and freedom. The contribution these have made to Marxist thought is beyond dispute: jointly they are both the definitive summary of the arguments on either side of the debate and the best summary presentation of the arguments for the position he defends. This paper examines and challenges these arguments, arguing that they do not in fact succeed in providing a good case for reading Marx as having, or needing, a theory of justice.
Although textually well-founded, many of the arguments Geras presents are far from definitive; the argument they provide is circumstantial and limited at best. Ultimately, his strongest non-circumstantial case is the evidence provided by Marxβs repeated descriptions of capitalist accumulation in terms of βtheftβ, βrobberyβ, and so forth. The question then becomes to what extent such descriptions ought to be read as committing Marx to an ethically laden theory of justice. I argue that in these instances Marx may be read in at least two ways such that these passages make sense and do significant work without necessarily committing Marx to a theory of justice β something Marx himself repeatedly and vociferously repudiates.
Whether one (or both) of these alternative readings is to be accepted, or whether Gerasβs is to be preferred, comes down to Marxβs practice concerning, and perhaps also his conception of, language, or at least language-use. Gerasβs reading presupposes that only with a principle of justice specified antecedently such that it has clear, coherent and determinate content could Marx have been able to characterize capitalist appropriation in terms of 'theft' and its cognates. There are four reasons to doubt that this is accurate as a reading of Marxβs conception and usage of language: (1) there is little or no direct evidence that Marx held, or took himself to hold, such a view of language and/or language-use; (2) his use of evaluative concepts in e.g. his earlier critiques of capitalism is hard to square with this conception; (3) this view of language and language-use does not cohere as well with Marx's theory of praxis or his general conception of the connections between concepts, modes of thought and their natural, social and cultural contexts; and (4) the more fluid and indeterminate conception of language and language-use my alternative readings imply, its connections to human practical activity and the needs and interests inherent therein, and the resulting thesis about the revisability of language, all seem to cohere better with Marx's consistent emphasis on developing the concepts one employs to understand an aspect of reality such that they are best able to match the βreal movementsβ of the object of study, rather than setting up an antecedently defined framework which the objects of study are then subsequently analysed and/or evaluated in terms of.
Although textually well-founded, many of the arguments Geras presents are far from definitive; the argument they provide is circumstantial and limited at best. Ultimately, his strongest non-circumstantial case is the evidence provided by Marxβs repeated descriptions of capitalist accumulation in terms of βtheftβ, βrobberyβ, and so forth. The question then becomes to what extent such descriptions ought to be read as committing Marx to an ethically laden theory of justice. I argue that in these instances Marx may be read in at least two ways such that these passages make sense and do significant work without necessarily committing Marx to a theory of justice β something Marx himself repeatedly and vociferously repudiates.
Whether one (or both) of these alternative readings is to be accepted, or whether Gerasβs is to be preferred, comes down to Marxβs practice concerning, and perhaps also his conception of, language, or at least language-use. Gerasβs reading presupposes that only with a principle of justice specified antecedently such that it has clear, coherent and determinate content could Marx have been able to characterize capitalist appropriation in terms of 'theft' and its cognates. There are four reasons to doubt that this is accurate as a reading of Marxβs conception and usage of language: (1) there is little or no direct evidence that Marx held, or took himself to hold, such a view of language and/or language-use; (2) his use of evaluative concepts in e.g. his earlier critiques of capitalism is hard to square with this conception; (3) this view of language and language-use does not cohere as well with Marx's theory of praxis or his general conception of the connections between concepts, modes of thought and their natural, social and cultural contexts; and (4) the more fluid and indeterminate conception of language and language-use my alternative readings imply, its connections to human practical activity and the needs and interests inherent therein, and the resulting thesis about the revisability of language, all seem to cohere better with Marx's consistent emphasis on developing the concepts one employs to understand an aspect of reality such that they are best able to match the βreal movementsβ of the object of study, rather than setting up an antecedently defined framework which the objects of study are then subsequently analysed and/or evaluated in terms of.
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Alcune note sul confronto tra me e Ernesto Screpanti su individualismo istituzionale e teoria del "Capitale". Apparso originariamente su www.dantes17.wordpress.com nel dicembre 2013.
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Pubblicato su "Il Rasoio di Occam", MicroMega Online, il 20/11/2014. Ernesto Screpanti sostiene che una teoria marxista della societΓ , per dirsi scientifica, debba assumere lβindividualismo istituzionale quale criterio metodologico. In... more
Pubblicato su "Il Rasoio di Occam", MicroMega Online, il 20/11/2014.
Ernesto Screpanti sostiene che una teoria marxista della societΓ , per dirsi scientifica, debba assumere lβindividualismo istituzionale quale criterio metodologico. In questo modo si corre tuttavia il rischio di non riuscire a spiegare fenomeni complessi in societΓ , come quelle capitalistiche, in cui la riproduzione della struttura sociale avviene attraverso meccanismi di dominio impersonale.
Ernesto Screpanti sostiene che una teoria marxista della societΓ , per dirsi scientifica, debba assumere lβindividualismo istituzionale quale criterio metodologico. In questo modo si corre tuttavia il rischio di non riuscire a spiegare fenomeni complessi in societΓ , come quelle capitalistiche, in cui la riproduzione della struttura sociale avviene attraverso meccanismi di dominio impersonale.
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Bloomsbury 2013; P/b 2015
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O trabalho tem o objetivo apresentar e discutir as principais interpretaΓ§Γ΅es marxistas sobre a crise econΓ΄mica atual. Iniciada em 2007, a crise provocou uma retomada do debate marxista sobre o fenΓ΄meno, com diversos estudos que destacam... more
O trabalho tem o objetivo apresentar e discutir as principais interpretaΓ§Γ΅es marxistas sobre a crise econΓ΄mica atual. Iniciada em 2007, a crise provocou uma retomada do debate marxista sobre o fenΓ΄meno, com diversos estudos que destacam alguns elementos fundamentais do processo de acumulaΓ§Γ£o de capital, exposto por Marx em O Capital. O artigo concentra-se em trΓͺs interpretaΓ§Γ΅es: a teoria do subconsumo, a teoria associada Γ queda da taxa de lucro e a teoria da βfinanceirizaΓ§Γ£oβ da economia mundial. A nova versΓ£o do subconsumismo pode ser encontrada nos trabalhos de John Bellamy Foster e Fred Magdoff, editores da revista Monthly Review. A visΓ£o que associa a crise atual Γ queda da taxa de lucro encontra novos argumentos no trabalho de Andrew Kliman. O papel das βfinanΓ§asβ no capitalismo contemporΓ’neo e a crise atual sΓ£o destacados por autores como FranΓ§ois Chesnais e Costas Lapavitsas. Ao final, o trabalho apresenta os limites teΓ³ricos das anΓ‘lises marxistas para a compreensΓ£o do fenΓ΄meno da crise atual, apoiando-se em Marx e no estudo do conteΓΊdo e da causa da crise no modo de produΓ§Γ£o capitalista.
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In Hegelβs βtheory of spiritβ β differentiated and institutionalized in our contemporary disciplinary fields as psychology, sociology and political science β the initial conceptual moment in the development of individuality, before the... more
In Hegelβs βtheory of spiritβ β differentiated and institutionalized in our contemporary disciplinary fields as psychology, sociology and political science β the initial conceptual moment in the development of individuality, before the subject can determine or give itself specific cognitive and social content, the individual takes an initial simple but also abstract appearance of βbeing-for-selfβ. This essay explores the "emergence" of the modern individual in Hegel's work.
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A problemΓ‘tica da classe social vem sendo descurada desde hΓ‘ algum tempo a esta parte. No entanto, a sua existΓͺncia enquanto condiΓ§Γ£o objectiva e os diversos habitus daΓ resultantes providenciam material suficiente para uma abordagem... more
A problemΓ‘tica da classe social vem sendo descurada desde hΓ‘ algum tempo a esta parte. No entanto, a sua existΓͺncia enquanto condiΓ§Γ£o objectiva e os diversos habitus daΓ resultantes providenciam material
suficiente para uma abordagem antropolΓ³gica da classe social nas condiΓ§Γ΅es especΓficas engendradas pela pΓ³s-modernidade. Procura-se efectuar, neste artigo, uma revisΓ£o da literatura concernente ao tema estudado, propondo-se uma complementaridade analΓtica entre a perspectiva marxista e a weberiana na interpretaΓ§Γ£o dos fenΓ³menos sociais de classe atravΓ©s do conceito de habitus, fornecido por Pierre Bourdieu. Pretende-se, alΓ©m disso, defender o estudo desta problemΓ‘tica atravΓ©s do conceito de comunidade de trabalho, dado que este Γ© essencial para a articulaΓ§Γ£o dos estudos de classe com a antropologia. Conclui-se que entre a comunidade de trabalho, enquanto universo simbΓ³lico e material especΓfico, no qual se movimentam os actores sociais, e a identidade de classe, existe uma relaΓ§Γ£o de intensa proximidade e que o enfraquecimento da identidade de classe na pΓ³s-modernidade Γ© resultado directo da representaΓ§Γ£o a-ideolΓ³gica da sua ideologia, da reorganizaΓ§Γ£o pΓ³s-moderna do capital e das novas formas de exploraΓ§Γ£o do trabalho que conduzem, por sua vez, a um enfraquecimento da comunidade de trabalho.
suficiente para uma abordagem antropolΓ³gica da classe social nas condiΓ§Γ΅es especΓficas engendradas pela pΓ³s-modernidade. Procura-se efectuar, neste artigo, uma revisΓ£o da literatura concernente ao tema estudado, propondo-se uma complementaridade analΓtica entre a perspectiva marxista e a weberiana na interpretaΓ§Γ£o dos fenΓ³menos sociais de classe atravΓ©s do conceito de habitus, fornecido por Pierre Bourdieu. Pretende-se, alΓ©m disso, defender o estudo desta problemΓ‘tica atravΓ©s do conceito de comunidade de trabalho, dado que este Γ© essencial para a articulaΓ§Γ£o dos estudos de classe com a antropologia. Conclui-se que entre a comunidade de trabalho, enquanto universo simbΓ³lico e material especΓfico, no qual se movimentam os actores sociais, e a identidade de classe, existe uma relaΓ§Γ£o de intensa proximidade e que o enfraquecimento da identidade de classe na pΓ³s-modernidade Γ© resultado directo da representaΓ§Γ£o a-ideolΓ³gica da sua ideologia, da reorganizaΓ§Γ£o pΓ³s-moderna do capital e das novas formas de exploraΓ§Γ£o do trabalho que conduzem, por sua vez, a um enfraquecimento da comunidade de trabalho.
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A sociedade ocidental, que conseguiu expandir o seu modelo e lΓ³gica societal para todo o mundo, assenta na centralidade do trabalho, enquanto actividade que estrutura e subordina todas as outras. Desta forma, o tempo de trabalho... more
A sociedade ocidental, que conseguiu expandir o seu modelo e lΓ³gica societal para todo o mundo, assenta na centralidade do trabalho, enquanto actividade que estrutura e subordina todas as outras. Desta forma, o tempo de trabalho constitui-se tambΓ©m como tempo central e subordinador na lΓ³gica social capitalista, tempo do qual todos os outros dependem. Neste artigo procuro, em primeiro lugar, desmistificar as noΓ§Γ΅es jΓ‘ naturalizadas da centralidade do trabalho e do tempo de trabalho, com exemplos histΓ³ricos e etnogrΓ‘ficos de diferentes formas de apreender o tempo, que demonstram a submissΓ£o do trabalho e do seu tempo Γ lΓ³gica social e cultural das populaΓ§Γ΅es. Seguidamente procuro analisar a separaΓ§Γ£o entre tempo de trabalho e tempo de nΓ£o trabalho que, no interior de uma economia de livre mercado, corresponde Γ separaΓ§Γ£o entre trabalho e vida. Por fim vou procurar compreender a forma como as pessoas subvertem a ordem do tempo que lhes Γ© imposta pelo capital, procurando alternativas Γ s injunΓ§Γ΅es ideolΓ³gicas da ocupaΓ§Γ£o do tempo livre que focam no consumo ou no repouso. A conclusΓ£o a que chego Γ© a de que as pessoas procedem a um reordenamento do tempo atravΓ©s, paradoxalmente, da actividade fΓsica e intelectual.
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sebuah buku politik pemikiran Tan Malaka menuju idea Republik Indonesia
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Marxism, Indonesian History, Indonesian Studies, Colonialism, Indonesia, and 14 moreMilitant Research, Karl Marx, Imperialism, Class Struggle, Studi Politik Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia, Sukarno, Trotskyism, Trotskyism History, Militant, Imperialisme En Asie, Anti Capitalist Social Movements, Pemikiran Pendidikan Tan Malaka, ImpΓ©rialisme Culturel, and Metode Filsafat Tan Malakaedit
The End of the Corporations (EoC) presents an analysis of the state of the global economy from an unconventional, anti capitalistic point of view. EoC traces the global crisis since 2007, as well as the political and... more
The End of the Corporations (EoC) presents an analysis of the state of the global economy from an unconventional, anti capitalistic point of view.
EoC traces the global crisis since 2007, as well as the political and social changes in the U.S. and the rest of the world. Additionally, it examines the facts and laws that give light to how the crisis came about and where it is headed. It is a true response to the trains of thought of acclaimed economists, such as P. Krugman, J. Stiglitz, and N. Roubini.
EoC traces the global crisis since 2007, as well as the political and social changes in the U.S. and the rest of the world. Additionally, it examines the facts and laws that give light to how the crisis came about and where it is headed. It is a true response to the trains of thought of acclaimed economists, such as P. Krugman, J. Stiglitz, and N. Roubini.
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Finance, Economic History, Economic Sociology, Economics, Development Economics, and 101 moreEconomic Geography, International Economics, Islamic Economics, Monetary Economics, Public Finance, Socialist Economics, Transport Economics, Econometrics, Financial Economics, Institutional Economics, Labor Economics, Energy Economics, Environmental Economics, Public Economics, Political Economy, Health Economics, Financial Econometrics, Marxism, Marxist Economics, History of Economic Thought, Financial Accounting, Applied Econometrics, Ecological Economics, Economic Growth, Economic Anthropology, Socialisms, Economic Theory, International Political Economy, Economics of Innovation, Behavioral Finance, Social Economy, Corporate Finance, Agricultural Economics, Law and Economics, History Of Capitalism, Financial management, Philosophy Of Economics, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Public Budgeting and Finance, Financial Risk Management, Capitalism, Pre-capitalist economic systems, Marxist theory, Economic Development, Financial Engineering, Behavioral Economics, Political Economies of Capitalism, Imperialism/Colonialism, Racism, and Patriarchy, Financial mathematics, Marxist Legal Theory, Labour Economics, Marxist Feminism, Socialism, Islamic Finance, Marxism (Political Science), Financial Markets, International Finance, Islamic Economics and Finance, Marxist political economy, Financial Crisis of 2008/2009, Cultures of Capital and Capitalism, Economic Law, Islamic Banking And Finance, MBA finance, Socialist Feminism, Financial Analysis, Transnational Capitalist Class, World systems in the ancient and pre-capitalist worlds, Marxist and Materialist Feminism, Behavioural Finance, Academic Capitalism, Financial Derivatives, Financial Reporting, Economy, Quantitative Finance, ethnography, comparative visual media, humanitarianism, human rights, biopolitics, Marxist critique, postcolonial studies, documentary studies, critical theory and cultural studies, posthumanism, animal studies, discourses of the child, Economia, Anti-Capitalism, EconomΓa, Marxist Literary Theory, Transition Economies, Autonomist Marxism, Marxismo, BBA (Finance), Financial Institutions, Capitalismo, Finances, Finance and banking, AntropologΓa, economΓa, filosofΓa, derecho, educaciΓ³n, ciencias polΓticas, transformaciΓ³n social, marxismo, pensamiento latinoamericano, africano y asiΓ‘tico, Anti Capitalist and Anti Globalisation Movements, Political Economy and History, Theories of Socialism, Accounting & Finance, SAP Finance, Post-Socialist Transition, Influence of the Growth and Development of Education in the Capitalist and Socialist Nations, Financial Ratio Analysis, TEORIA MARXISTA, Post Modern Marxist Critiiques of Capitalism, Anti Capitalist Social Movements, Strategic Finance, and Economicedit
An essay exploring how the confluence of corporate interest with technological advancement/media saturation has produced a new version of alienation. It is suggested that the alienated subject might find opportunities for solidarity and... more
An essay exploring how the confluence of corporate interest with technological advancement/media saturation has produced a new version of alienation. It is suggested that the alienated subject might find opportunities for solidarity and resistance through empathy, and that empathy, in the cyber-age, might be enabled by the "corporate organism" that profits off of the production of alienation.
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long joint work with Nancy Lindisfarne, 2014
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2004 - a history of neoliberalism
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(1988) The Russians leave
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(1981) At the beginning of the Russian invasion
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