Mobile Phones

The advent of mobile phones has expanded our mode of communication to lengths that we, as consumers of modern technology, seem to have taken for granted. Whether this is truly the case, however, depends on the degree to which the users of such a commodity pay attention to negative exposures that are essentially voluntary and possibly controllable (Wood, 2005). The case to which this matter refers to is one of the most debated topics in public health today: whether a causal association between mobile phone use and cancers of the brain exists. Despite attempts to investigate and elucidate the issue, epidemiological studies from the past and present predominantly continue to yield inconsistent evidence and views. More importantly, the analyses of biological plausibility and epidemiological study design and methodology reveals a polarized spectrum of findings and explanations that lead to an inconclusive consensus. This occurrence, conversely, does not entail the failure of such research but rather an impending need to improve future studies in their quest to find clear answers. As Olsen (2010, p. 281) states, “…we will need to address questions about the safety of these new, frequent, and avoidable exposures.”

El objetivo de la ponencia (inserta en el Proyecto Fondecyt 1140935) es discutir el estado del arte de los estudios antropológicos con respecto a la telefonía celular. En el campo de las TICs y los estudios de desarrollo (M4Ds), que ha constatado la relación de influencia entre los teléfonos móviles y los cambios en procesos económicos y sociales. La antropología podría contribuir a esta discusión a través de una reflexión comparativa, derivada de la evidencia etnográfica en diferentes sociedades del mundo, sobre cómo diferentes culturas se relacionan con la tecnología celular. Esta relación no debe ser vista de manera causal (las TICs causan el desarrollo socioeconómico), sino que desde una perspectiva amplia (qué relación existe entre cultura y tecnología). Los estudios antropológicos tienen la característica de abordar diferentes sociedades, por lo que permite contrastar las afirmaciones de la experiencia de países desarrollados en otros contextos. Este trabajo se realizará a través de una revisión bibliográfica proponiendo un estado del arte de los estudios etnográficos sobre teléfonos celulares. A este nivel, no se hará distinción entre smartphones o teléfonos convencionales, como tampoco si están o no conectados a Internet. Los teléfonos celulares serán considerados como una unidad amplia, dado que la variabilidad de esta tecnología es mayor que la experiencia de las personas que los usan en una cultura determinada (por ejemplo, en Japón se puede pagar con el celular por aproximación, pero en Kenia se paga a través de mensajes de texto y, en Chile, no se usa el celular para pagar, sino para consultar saldos). Se trabajará principalmente con artículos de revistas de corriente principal, abarcando la mayor gama posible de lecturas. Se considerarán también libros y secundariamente sitios web como blogs o páginas de instituciones académicas.

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This article draws upon recent work among Haitian migrants living at the Haitian‐Dominican border in order to examine the role of mobile phones in cross‐border movement in the region. Like other migrants and displaced populations, Haitians use technologies such as mobile phones to keep in touch with their families and maintain social relations as well as organising economic activities and the circulation of remittances. Yet the dependence of Haitian workers on geographic mobility for work and livelihood also requires developing and maintaining relationships across borders. The focus upon understanding relationships formed within and beyond the southern border region of Haiti and the Dominican Republic seeks to make ethnographically visible the role of the mobile phone in mediating different forms of mobility.

In this paper the research surrounding the Augmented Reality in games on Android platform was performed by testing 108 games from Google Play Market and by analyzing the hundreds of user reviews to determine the level of acceptance and the level of technical stability of the mobile games based on that technology. The Location-based, Marker-based and games based on somewhat different approach were studied and compared by the runtimes, game genres and by the featuring aspects including the presence of multiplayer mode, sound effects and the dimension that the virtual objects were positioned in. The overview of the studied games was presented in this paper. The results, for instance, include that the AR game variation is very narrow in terms of gameplay style and technical issues are very commonly encountered and it makes them very influential to the gameplay experience. The rareness of the multiplayer mode among the AR games was discovered meaning the domination of the single-player game designs.

The article reports findings from a qualitative study that draws on the methods of conversation analysis and on audio-video recordings of ordinary, real-life, non-experimental driving situations. The article shows what happens in a car after a mobile phone summons, i.e., the initial ring or beep of a car occupant’s phone. It identifies three phases (i.e., orienting to, locating and handling a phone) that follow the summons and lead to an attempt at verbally responding to the summons. It is shown that the ringing of a phone (indicating an incoming call) or the beeping of a phone (indicating an incoming text message), as a socially and interac- tionally significant action, is treated as requiring a more or less immediate response. It is argued that this routinization of responding to a summons explains drivers’, and possible passengers,’ use of a mobile phone while traveling in a car.

This article investigates mobile phone calls initiated or received by drivers and passengers in cars and focuses on the participants' actions before the telephone conversation proper. Drawing on video-recorded data of real driving situations, and building on conversation analysis and multimodal interaction analysis, this article discusses how participants temporally and sequentially coordinate situations that require multitasking, that is, use a phone while on the move. This article shows how participants draw on the current social-interactional, material context to handle the call as relevant at that point and how they, through their vocal and bodily conduct, manage the prebeginning as a collaborative effort. The findings have relevance for research both on driving and on human–human and human–technology interaction.

Mobile service provider commercials afford insight into contemporary expectations and norms of cell phone use within the family structure and reveal current tensions and gendered expectations related to the domestication of technology. This article analyzes forty-two US cell phone commercials from 2005 to 2014.The sample only considers commercials that include parents, youth, and families. Discourse analysis considers the themes, gendered representations, and constructions of technology as portrayed by the cell phone industry. I identify three dominant themes throughout the commercials: (1) the commodification of talk, (2) gendered stereotypes of teens, moms, and dads, and (3) the legitimization of surveillance, mostly around teen girls. Additionally, I argue the sociotechnical shift from talking to texting to data plays a significant role in the evolution of how mobile practices are constructed and gendered.

This work is motivated by two important trends in consumer computing: (i) the growing pervasiveness of mobile computing devices, and (ii) the users' desire for increasingly complex but readily acquired and manipulated information content. Specifically, we develop and describe a system for 3D model creation of an object, using only a standard mobile device such as a smart phone. Our approach applies the structured light projection methodology and exploits multiple image input such as frames from a video sequence. In comparison with previous work, a significant further challenge addressed here is that of lower quality input data and limited hardware (processing power and memory, camera and projector quality). Novelties include: (i) a comparison of projection pattern detection approaches in the context of a mobile environment - a robust method combining colour detection and a phase congruency descriptor is proposed, (ii) a model for single view reconstruction which exploits epipolar, coplanarity and topological constraints, (iii) the use of mobile device sensor data in the iterative closest point algorithm used to register multiple partial 3D reconstructions, and (iv) two heuristics for determining the order in which buffered single view based reconstructions are merged. Our experiments demonstrate that visually appealing results are obtained in a speedy manner which does not require specialist knowledge or expertise from the user.

Mobile phone technologies have been hailed as a promising means for delivering mental health interventions to youth and adolescents, the age group with high cell phone penetration and with the onset of 75% of all lifetime mental disorders. Despite the growing evidence in physical health and adult mental health, however, little information is available about how mobile phones are implemented to deliver mental health services to the younger population. The purpose of this scoping study was to map the current state of knowledge regarding mobile mental health (mMental Health) for young people (age 13–24 years), identify gaps, and consider implications for future research. Seventeen articles that met the inclusion criteria provided evidence for mobile phones as a way to engage youth in therapeutic activities. The flexibility, interactivity, and spontaneous nature of mobile communications were also considered advantageous in encouraging persistent and continual access to care outside clinical settings. Four gaps in current knowledge were identified: the scarcity of studies conducted in low and middle income countries, the absence of information about the real-life feasibility of mobile tools, the need to address the issue of technical and health literacy of both young users and health professionals, and the need for critical discussion regarding diverse ethical issues associated with mobile phone use. We suggest that mMental Health researchers and clinicians should carefully consider the ethical issues related to patient–practitioner relationship, best practices, and the logic of self-surveillance.

On the road toward a cultural history of digital interconnectivity, there are many potholes. It is not easy to define the digital culture itself and what a cultural history of the digital means. It is unclear what we have in mind with the digital (often used in an oversimplified sense to simply mean the Internet): The geographical horizon of this culture is unclear, and lastly the main trends are unclear. What is more, too many aspects of the contemporary digital landscape are taken for granted, as if “natural”, while they are historically determined. This is the reason why history is so helpful in reconstructing the origins, the changes, the main trends of digital media, simply because it shows how they came into being and they were metabolized by the cultures.
This discussion aims to clarify these elements or at least discuss them critically, whereby“critically” is meant first of all in the etymological sense of differentiating, second in the sense of not accepting prima facie what is generally considered to be obvious. This will be only a preliminary contribution that, far from being exhaustive, will aim to start a reflection on the role and benefits of cultural history in analyzing the digital.

Anthropology is now developing and using ethnography to research uses and experiences of digital communication technology (including mobile phones, the internet and software), in and across many different cultures and societies. Ethnography enables a focus on the complex intertwining of society, culture and technology allowing us to see how technologies are being transformed by existing modes of life, while simultaneously having a ‘messy’ influence over those lives, resulting in what are often unexpected consequences. This special issue discusses the use of mobile phones in Papua New Guinea and along the borders of Haiti and the Dominican Republic; the mixture of phone and internet usage in Central Australia and among the Tongan diaspora in Melbourne; the use of internet based video translation practices focused on West Papuan politics; and the disorder produced by software in work environments in Australia. Collectively, these papers help us to reimagine ethnography and challenge conventional
theorising of technology by allowing us to discuss the relationships between communication and power in diverse contexts, opening up opportunities for us to engage with and explore the significance of both order and disorder in technologically mediated social processes.

In this paper we present the findings of an in-depth consultation with 50 experts in Agriculture and ICT. The qualitative study explored how ICTs, particularly mobile phones, could be used to accelerate the uptake of Sustainable Agriculture in Africa. Situating the responses in a broad literature review, the data and subsequent analysis paint a broad picture of a converging landscape of agriculture and ICTs. Its main conclusion is that the application of ICT (including mobiles) in agriculture is sustainability neutral; that is to say that ICT is equally applicable to the expansion of conventional, high external input dependent agriculture, or to the development of more sustainable, agro-ecological approaches. The rapid growth in mobile phone penetration in developing countries therefore presents a significant opportunity to help underpin a transformation in agricultural development and food systems, but without a co-operative and focused effort across different stakeholders groups - local actors, private sector partners, donors, expert institutions, and national governments - the potential for mobiles to empower sustainable agricultural development is unlikely to be maximized. The paper outlines the major assumptions behind these statements, and presents a conceptual model for understanding the flow of information through the agriculture sector.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to better understand the current dynamics of the Malaysian market for smartphone and the usage behaviors of consumers. This paper presents the result of a survey on the trend of smartphone from the perspective of end consumers. The data was collected from 1814 respondents across major cities in Malaysia. This study has looked into the familiarity of users towards smartphones, choices of smartphone brand and service providers, and most importantly the determinants that influence their purchasing decision. Additionally, the consumers’ preferences on smartphone specifications such as design, computing power, operating platform, and price were investigated. Furthermore, consumers’ usage behaviors such as using smartphone for email, web browsing, gaming, and document reading were examined. The statistics presented provides fundamental information regarding the trends in the smartphone market and usage behaviors in Malaysia. Such information are useful for academics for the development of future works in the field, whereas for smartphone manufacturers, application developers and other stakeholders, they are able to plan their direction in the Malaysian smartphone market.