Vietnam

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of strategies in relativisation of speech tones in classical Vietnamese singing. A part of the North Vietnamese ca trù repertoire that was recently inscribed into the World’s Intangible Heritage list will serve as an example. The piece Many Voices consists of sections “borrowed” from diverse folk music genres and ritual chants of the wider region that are brought into a joint context as an entertainment song of the sophisticated classical ca trù. The sections of Many Voices are treated differently according to their previous cultural function and their role within the actual piece. Nevertheless, the singing style follows the main principles of ca trù thus enables us to see clearly how much “speech tonality” is preserved, modified or even buried in song lyrics. Further, different text types can be compared in their applied singing style and the specific relativisation of speech tones. Sound documents and their detailed analysis based on long term field work shape the main contents of the paper that aims at a more differentiated approach to the representation of speech tones in music.

Millenarian movements have generally been regarded by academics as native reactions to enormous social disruptions caused by colonial intrusion, doomed to failure and at best a step on the way to more ‘modern’ forms of collective social resistance. In fact, millenarianism has both pre-dated and outlasted colonialism, and continues to feature prominently in ethnic politics to this day. An analysis of past and present Hmong millenarian movements shows how their progressions – from pan-ethnic to mono-ethnic and from violent to peaceful – reflect historical trends of ethnicization and territorialisation in South East Asia. It is equally important to consider how and why millenarian activity is remembered and interpreted by different participants and onlookers, as highlighted by the varying portrayals of recent events in northern Vietnam gathered from online reports and interviews. Millenarian movements continue to play an important role in voicing social discontent, challenging power structures and moulding ethnic relations in South East Asia, but they need to be examined and understood in their new socio-political contexts.

A sociolinguistics report of how the use of kinship terms for pronouns in Vietnamese language may affect the way people of different ages building relationships when speaking Vietnamese, compared to English speakers. Including results of a small survey to bilingual Vietnamese/English speakers, in an attempt to discover whether their change in language affects their perception of relationships – and how aware they are of this effect.

The English East India Company established a factory on the island of Condore, off the coast of southern Vietnam, in 1702 as part of its plan to maintain a settlement to direct shipping activities between trading ports in China and Southeast Asia and India. For three years, the settlement thrived and was an important part of the China trade network, especially as a stopping point for ships plying the China route. The island settlement also carried out trading activities with neighbouring ports along the Indochina coast and the Malay Archipelago. The setting up of the factory, however, coincided with the emergence of the new entity of southern Vietnam under the Nguy˜ên family who were expanding their power-base to the south. In the process, the Nguy˜ên had already subdued the Chams and were coming face-to-face with the Khmers when the English factory was established. This paper will trace the English venture on Condore Island and the reaction of the Nguy˜ên ruler towards this venture which culminated with the destruction of the factory in 1705. This paper will attempt to explore the following questions: the shifting importance of the islands in the Nguy˜ên’s security and foreign relations vis-à-vis the English factory, and will also investigate the circumstances that brought about the massacre and destruction of the English factory on Pulo Condore—a historical event that has not been properly explained thus far.

  One of the questions commonly asked when discussing the history of a particular settlement, town or city is the reason behind the choice of the site. Professor Gordon East offers several possible answers. First, for geographical reasons, including location near a river or water source or fertile lands. Second, for defence and fortification purposes. Third, strategic location for trade and merchant activities. The choice of a particular site could involve all three reasons or a combination of two or even a single reason. Yet, the decision could either ensure the success of a town or doom it even from day one when the site was chosen.

The first part of an initially planned chapter of my forthcoming monograph, "Anti-Imperial Metropolis", the paper deals with the making of Chinese and Vietnamese anti-imperialists in interwar Paris. It pays particular attention to their interaction and examines how exchange between the two groups fomented the rise of a shared pan-Asianism.

Discourse on syncretic Islam could, according to recent scholarship, explain the practices of a Cham community
known as the ‘Kaum Imam San’ by some and the ‘Bani of Cambodia’ by others. This community, numbering
about 50,000 today, has gained great attention; perhaps due to the following reasons. First, the community has
attracted scholarly interest through the newfound efforts backed by the American embassy to increase basic literacy
in the endangered Cham script. Second, the community has attracted the attentions of the purification efforts
of Salafi- or Tablighi-influenced elements of Cambodia’s Islamic community. Finally, it is likely that the Kaum Imam
San have also attracted a potentially disproportionate amount of scholarly attention (per population) as a result
of their vibrant religious traditions, which mix elements of Islamic, Khmer and ancestral worshiping practices with
the unique historical memory of the saint named Kaum Imam San, in order to produce a truly lively experience.

The exuberant, eclectic architecture of the Caodai Holy See in French Indochina was described as a "grotesque combination' of European and Asian elements by Grahame Greene and Norman Lewis.  This sense of horror served to construct a notion of "visual blasphemy" which merged aesthetic and ethical elements. Architecture is always read and misread through a cultural lens.

This paper will explore two key concepts, which seem to relate quite differently to the spatialisation of religion: syncretism, the mixing and synthesizing of different religions to create a sense of unity in one place, and diaspora, the creation of a sense of unity across different places. Syncretism is often described as the “localization” or “indigenization” of world religions, while diaspora involves the sacralisation of an idea of home through the experience of exile and dispersal. One brings varied elements together in a single place, and describes a process of combination and re-configuration as the followers of different religious traditions interact. The other exports local visions or combinations to distant places, but continues to bind them through emotional and spiritual ties to the place of origin.

Au début du 20ème siècle, auteur engagé, Nguyễn Phan Long lutta pour l’égalité politique et culturelle en Indochine Française ; enfin, il devint le Premier ministre de l’État du Viêt Nam en 1950. Avec "Le Roman de Mademoiselle Lys" — l’un des premiers romans français écrits par un Vietnamien — il nous offre un « livre d’idées autant qu’une œuvre d’imagination ». Il y raconte la quête culturelle, spirituelle et personnelle de Hai, une jeune femme brillante déchirée entre deux cultures.

This executive summary presents the main conclusions of an internship report of a field research regarding new urban areas and pre-established communities in periurban zones of Hanoi in Vietnam. The document presents the main objectives of the research, the main observations and the principal potential solution identified.

Building a normative and rules-based order in the South China Sea is a long-term investment and engagement that will require innovative solutions and patience from all sides. The EU and ASEAN share a similar strategic interest in achieving this goal in the South China Sea.

Recurrent crises are a common feature of dyadic disputes. Indeed, the maritime disputes in East Asia feature a series of repeated crises between disputants. This article examines the effects of such iterative crises and argues that repeated tensions surrounding unresolved disputes have the effect of intensifying rivalries. They can make future friction both more common and more intense. The piece illustrates this logic by comparing the effects of iterative crises across a series of dyadic disputes over maritime claims. They include the China-Japan dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands as well as the China-Malaysia, China-Philippines, and China-Vietnam disputes over various parts of the South China Sea.

反复性紧张局势是双边争端的普遍特征。 行为体间一系列反复发 生的紧张局势已经成为东亚地区海上争端的基本特征。 作者在已有的竞争进化论、学 习理论与螺旋模型研究的基础上,结合国际关系中情感要素研究的最新成果,分析这 类反复性紧张局势的后果。 重复且尚未解决的一系列紧张事件应该被视为一种相互 承接的过程,先前的事件会成为后续事件发生的背景因素。 随着每次紧张局势的爆 发,政治形势会发生相应的变化,在未解决的争端中,反复出现的紧张局势会加剧双边 对抗。 由于争端行为体间缺乏有效的沟通和协调会使紧张状态持续,并刺激领导人在 下一次危机中采用更为强硬的手段,反复性紧张局势会使双方的摩擦愈加频繁和强 烈,同时反复性危机中的心理效应和国内政治动态作用于领导人和公众两个层次,鼓 励他们在危机中孤注一掷而非采取妥协的策略。 作者对比了一系列东亚海上领土争 端中反复性紧张局势的后果,从而说明这一逻辑。