Human Computer Interaction

New computer languages have permitted formal verification of much of Mathematics(1,2). I asked to verify informal demonstrations such as in the natural and social sciences, where false conclusions sometimes propagate(4,5). I announce a program for crowd sourced formal verification of informal rational demonstration. TruthSift addresses a critical problem, deciding truth and publishing a transparent proof, for which the world has not previously had a good solution outside of mathematics. I prove: Theorem 1: In the limit where members bring to bear all
their pertinent knowledge, a statement will be rated TE by TruthSift if and only if there is an established proof of it to which no member has a remaining challenge. If it is not rated TE, there is an established proof of a disproof of it, or of every proof of
it. I predict crowd-sourced verification will lead to progress on wicked problems(3).

Games are undoubtedly the most successful computer application yet it is not easy to attribute their success to any one particular feature. Nonetheless, when talking about games, gamers and reviewers frequently refer to the immersive experience of the game as an important aspect to be attained. However, it is not clear what immersion is and even if it is a comparable experience between different players and different games. This paper aims to develop more quantifiable and therefore objective measures of immersion. We describe a study into switching from an immersive gaming experience to another task, not in the game world. Though the degree of immersion does seem to have an impact on the ability to perform the task, the experimental approach is complex and possibly quite fragile. We therefore set out hypotheses for a similar experiment with the aim of exploring whether eyetracking and body motion provide better indicators of the degree of immersion.

One aspect of a growing VR industry that developers have to face is the ethics behind the technology. This includes making sure that technology is readily available and accessible to as large of a population as possible. Current consumer virtual reality (VR) headsets typically utilize two controllers to navigate a virtual environment, leading to accessibility issues for potential users that cannot effectively operate a controller. We propose NaVRgate, a proof of concept idea that removes the need for controllers in which a user uses expressions to navigate a virtual environment. The system utilizes the computer webcam and computer vision face and eye position tracking to capture the nature of expression tracking, with certain positional thresholds representing different facial expressions. To test this system, We design a game environment where a user navigates with either a controller or the face position tracker, collecting a set of orbs scattered around the map as quickly as they can, comparing the efficiency between navigation through the novel computer vision and traditional controller methods. Users are also questioned on the difficulty of use and experience with each control input method. This paper details the process of the development and drafts, to the statistical experiment constructed to determine the efficiency of head gestures.

In this study, the researcher has advocated the importance of human intelligence in language learning since software or any Learning Management System (LMS) cannot be programmed to understand the human context as well as all the linguistic structures contextually. This study examined the extent to which language learning is perilous to machine learning and its programs such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Pattern Recognition, and Image Analysis used in much assistive learning techniques such as voice detection, face detection and recognition, personalized assistants, besides language learning programs. The researcher argues that language learning is closely associated with human intelligence, human neural networks and no computers or software can claim to replace or replicate those functions of human brain. This study thus posed a challenge to natural language processing (NLP) techniques that claimed having taught a computer how to understand the way humans learn, to understand text without any clue or calculation, to realize the ambiguity in human languages in terms of the juxtaposition between the context and the meaning, and also to automate the language learning process between computers and humans. The study cites evidence of deficiencies in such machine learning software and gadgets to prove that in spite of all technological advancements there remain areas of human brain and human intelligence where a computer or its software cannot enter. These deficiencies highlight the limitations of AI and super intelligence systems of machines to prove that human intelligence would always remain superior.

This study focuses on the artworks of artist-academic İlker Yardımcı. The perspective put forward in the study is built on the aesthetic status of the scientific and technological aspects of İlker Yardımcı's artwork. Based on this context, a research has been done on the relationships between art and science. Various examples have been given from the times when art and science were seen as a whole and did not dissociate, and the development and separation process of these two separate phenomena were approached from various angles. In this way, in the light of the information obtained from the research, an aesthetic understanding that is open to the effects of science and technology, combining technological possibilities with traditional structures has been tried to be determined. Through this way, the possibility of an aesthetic narration was opened on the situation in the sculptures of İlker Yardımcı. Thus, the traces of the aesthetics in these sculptures, including science, were deciphered.

Heuristic Evaluation (Nielsen and Molich, 1990; Nielsen, 1994) is a method of usability evaluation where an analyst finds usability problems by checking the user interface against a set of supplied heuristics or principles.

Three new heuristics for software visualisations have been added to the set described in (Nielsen, 1994). A set of evaluation materials for these heuristics are presented, in particular:

• A structured description of Heuristic Evaluation to ease learning and use;
• A self assessed test to allow analysts to assess their understanding of Heuristic Evaluation;
• A checklist of heuristics for use in the analysis;
• Problem record sheets to record usability problems during analysis. Currently, these only record the usability problem predicted. In future, these could be modified to include recommended solutions to these problems (Jeffries, 1994);
• A questionnaire to fill in after the analysis

In this paper, we present a method that allows designers to interactively create partially self-similar manifold surfaces without relying on shape grammars or fractal methods. The modellers that are based on traditional fractal methods or shape grammars usually create disconnected surfaces and restrict the creative freedom of users. In most cases, the shapes through conventional fractal or shape grammar methods are defined by hard coded schemes that allow limited interactivity for the design process. We present a new approach for modelling such shapes. With this approach, we have developed a simple generative tool with given adjustable parameters to achieve variety of conceptual forms. Using this tool, designers can interactively create a variety of partially selfsimilar manifold surfaces. 1.

In this paper, we present a method that allows designers to interactively create partially self-similar manifold surfaces without relying on shape grammars or fractal methods. The modellers that are based on traditional fractal methods or shape grammars usually create disconnected surfaces and restrict the creative freedom of users. In most cases, the shapes through conventional fractal or shape grammar methods are defined by hard coded schemes that allow limited interactivity for the design process. We present a new approach for modelling such shapes. With this approach, we have developed a simple generative tool with given adjustable parameters to achieve variety of conceptual forms. Using this tool, designers can interactively create a variety of partially self-similar manifold surfaces.

Game development business has become very competitive, therefore it is very important to develop games that stand out from the vast amount of other competing game titles. Usability of the game is crucial to ensure game acceptance, which in turn will contribute to more sales and profit for the game company. Game usability can also contribute to better player engagement and better accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives in the case of gamification. One successful method to ensure good usability is heuristic evaluation, which has been proven useful also in game development. However, the existing heuristics are criticized for being too general to suit specific games. This study investigates the views and practices of the game companies regarding game usability heuristics and the extent to which they utilize heuristic evaluation as a game usability method. A series of surveys was conducted in the North American and North European companies and the results show that all game professionals view usability as being very important in games, however the extent of utilization of heuristic evaluation in game development is overrated. Implications for the development practice and research in games and gamification are discussed.

Games are a type of vehicle with which society is changing at present-day. But how the games themselves will be changed by society, is an interesting question to ask for enhancing and initiating better design of games. As participation in gaming upsurges around the world and across a larger part of the population, it is obvious that games are not only an entertainment medium for children or young people anymore. Games can be used to accomplish different purposes for different groups of people in the society. Design and use of games for learning and/or educational purpose has been an important research field for several years. However, this research field is yet to deliver expected achievement and result, despite many efforts and resources put into it. Factors that are important to consider for designing a game that will motivate users to active involvement in playing a game for active learning, are crucial for the successfulness of the design of such a game. The design goal for educational games would be to produce games that motivate users and thereby achieve effective learning. This paper proposes a framework in which the parameters of what users want from a game are considered for the development of games for learning. The framework is based on the previous research and theory of Richard Rouse (2001), who defined different dimensions of game design in terms of learning. The proposed framework is important in order to investigate and assess the success of existing games used for learning. Also the framework can provide better understanding as a requirement engineering tool for game designers, who are to design games for learning and educational purposes in the future. The proposed framework was verified using a small quantitative analysis. It was found that, while some parameters of the framework indeed have significance for designing games for learning, there are additional factors that need to be discovered by further analysis and research to enhance the usability of the framework.

Eye tracking is a fascinating technology that is starting to be used for evaluation of and for interacting in virtual environments. Especially digital games can benefit from an integrated (i.e., evaluation and interaction) approach, harnessing eye tracking technology for analysis and interaction. Such benefits include faster development of innovative games which can be automatically evaluated in an iterative fashion. For this purpose, we present a framework that enables rapid game development and gameplay analysis within an experimental research environment. The framework presented here is extensible for different kinds of logging (e.g., psychophysiological and in-game behavioral data) and facilitates studies using eye-tracking technology in digital entertainment environments. An experimental study using gaze-only interaction in a digital game is also presented and highlights the framework's capacity to create and evaluate novel entertainment interfaces.

Heuristic Evaluation (Nielsen and Molich, 1990; Nielsen, 1994) is a method of usability evaluation where an analyst finds usability problems by checking the user interface against a set of supplied heuristics or principles.

A set of evaluation materials for the heuristics described in (Nielsen, 1994) are presented, in particular:

• A structured description of Heuristic Evaluation to ease learning and use;
• A self assessed test to allow analysts to assess their understanding of Heuristic Evaluation;
• A checklist of heuristics for use in the analysis;
• Problem record sheets to record usability problems during analysis. Currently, these only record the usability problem predicted. In future, these could be modified to include recommended solutions to these problems (Jeffries, 1994);
• A questionnaire to fill in after the analysis

Abstract: As the world enters a new millennium, the U.S. military simultaneously enters a new era in warfare -- an era in which warfare is affected by a changing strategic environment and rapid technological change. The United States and its multinational partners are experiencing a transition from the Industrial Age to the Information Age. Simultaneously, it is fully engaged in a global war on terrorism set in a new period of globalization. These changes, as well as the experiences gained during recent and ongoing military operations, have resulted in the current drive to transform the force with network-centric warfare (NCW) as the centerpiece of this effort. This document describes how the tenets and principles of NCW are providing the foundation for developing new warfighting concepts, organizations, and processes that will allow U.S. forces to maintain a competitive advantage over potential adversaries, now and in the future. In sum, the report provides an overview of the ongoing implementation of NCW in the Department of Defense (DoD). A brief description of NCW, including its origins, its central role in force transformation, its tenets and principles, and an implementation strategy, are provided in Chapter 1. An examination of NCW as an emerging theory of war, its relationship to the four domains of Information Age warfare, the growing evidence of its benefits, and the warfighting advantages it can provide are examined in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 focuses on network-centric operations (NCO), including the relationship of NCO to the overarching Joint Operations Concepts (JOpsC), the NCO experience in Afghanistan and Iraq, the development of the NCO Conceptual Framework, and the conduct of NCO case studies. An overview of Joint and Service plans and initiatives to develop and implement network-centric capabilities and the growing investment in these capabilities by our allies and multinational partners are provided in Chapter 4

Dear Reader,

Let's get the introductions out of the way.I am not a recruiter. I am a software engineer. And as such, I know what it's like to be asked to whip up brilliant algorithms on the spot and then write flawless code on a whiteboard. I know because I've been asked to do the same thing-in interviews at Google, Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, among other companies.

I also know because I've been on the other side of the table, asking candidates to do this. I've combed through stacks of resumes to find the engineers who I thought might be able to actually pass these interviews.
I've evaluated them as they solved-or tried to solve-challenging questions. And I've debated in Google's Hiring Committee whether a candidate did well enough to merit an offer. I understand the full
hiring circle because I've been through it all, repeatedly. And you, reader, are probably preparing for an interview, perhaps tomorrow, next week, or next year. I am here to help you solidify your understanding of computer science fundamentals and then learn how to apply those fundamentals to crack the coding interview.

The 6th edition of Cracking the Coding Interview updates the 5th edition with 70% more content: additional questions, revised solutions, new chapter introductions, more algorithm strategies, hints for all problems,
and other content. Be sure to check out our website, CrackingTheCodinglnterview.com, to connect with other candidates and discover new resources. I'm excited for you and for the skills you are going to develop. Thorough preparation will give you a wide range of technical and communication skills. It will be well worth it, no matter where the effort takes you!

I encourage you to read these introductory chapters carefully. They contain important insight that just might make the difference between a "hire" and a "no hire:' And remember-interviews are hard! In my years of interviewing at Google, I saw some interviewers ask "easy" questions while others ask harder questions. But you know what? Getting the easy questions doesn't make it any easier to get the offer. Receiving an offer is not about solving questions flawlessly (very few candidates do!). Rather, it is about answering questions better than other candidates. So don't stress out when you get a tricky question-everyone else probably thought it was hard too. It's okay to not be flawless. Study hard, practice- and good luck!

Gayle L. McDowell
Founder/CEO, CareerCup.com
Author of Cracking the PM Interview and Cracking the Tech Career

Electrooculography Signals are used to control human computer interface, if properly classified .The ability to process and measure the signals will help HCI users to overwhelm many of the physical limitations and incommode in day to day life. However, there are currently no advanced effective multidirectional methods of classification for monitoring eye movements .In this paper, we describe a classification method used in a wireless EOG-based HCI device for detecting eye movements in different directions. The EOG signals are very small in amplitude, which is measure in milivolts. Hence, it helps to capture human signals which controls the computer or other instruments.

Over the last two decades, several deployments of robots for in-house assistance of older adults have been trialled. However, these solutions are mostly prototypes and remain unused in real-life scenarios. In this work, we review the historical and current landscape of the field, to try and understand why robots have yet to succeed as personal assistants in daily life. Our analysis focuses on two complementary aspects: the capabilities of the physical platform and the logic of the deployment. The former analysis shows regularities in hardware configurations and functionalities, leading to the definition of a set of six application-level capabilities (exploration, identification, remote control, communication, manipulation, and digital situatedness). The latter focuses on the impact of robots on the daily life of users and categorises the deployment of robots for healthcare interventions using three types of services: support, mitigation, and response. Our investigation reveals that ...

Existing e-learning systems are based on the quantity of information. They fail to consider an important factor for the success of the system, namely the user. An intelligent adaptive system should adjust the content in order to ensure faster and better performances in the learning process. Moreover, it should help students to develop new, desirable learning abilities. This paper presents

Technology is playing a significant role in shaping the future of design. We are moving fast into a digital era where Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data, the Internet of Things, Blockchain, Spatial Computing, and several other technologies are becoming part of the designers' lexicon. The designers' roles are evolving, and the touchpoints they need to consider are growing in complexity. Integrating AI developments with User-centered Design and User Experience Design is becoming a challenging task. Motivated by this, we reviewed the literature to understand how AI is shaping the way designers think about their process and how they design for AI arti-facts. This research was important for evidencing how designers are adapting their mindsets, skills and knowledge to address these new technological possibilities. The overall search was conducted on ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, and Springer, for publications about design and AI. The work identifies promising research clusters in the crossroads of Intelligent Systems, Human-Computer Interaction and Design, but few studies were found with concrete guidance on how to design for AI-driven services. By mapping the current literature on AI and Design, we contribute to a broad understanding of how current design methods need to adapt when interactions become living ecosystems and represent complex trade-offs to the designers. Therefore, new principles for human-AI interaction are becoming urgent to study.

AI symposium on 'Ethics and morality in non-human agents' presentation AAAI-16 Spring Symposium.  Slides as pdf.  Robot Priest was demonstrated, chasis, costume, hybrid raspberry pi/sermonator.  Details of present science around biology of human trust, our deteriorating public trust in various institutions including foundations of the catholic church priests, and the need to build 'trustworthy' AI.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a interação com artefatos digitais de pessoas que têm muito pouca ou nenhuma familiaridade com computadores pela da explicitação dos atos de fala tanto desses usuários quanto do designer do sistema. O que se propõe com este artigo é abordar o diálogo do usuário com o designer mediado pela interface – " preposto do designer " – e a construção do discurso do usuário com os signos da interface, tratando a interface como uma linguagem a ser aprendida. Através da observação participante de alunos de um curso introdutório à informática, foi possível observar a dificuldade dos usuários iniciantes em formular uma intenção para suas elocuções e ao mesmo tempo de entender as ilocuções do designer. Mesmo quando chegam a uma intenção, a esses usuários ainda faltam conhecimentos de como dizê-lo, ou seja, de como compor um discurso que a interface (com sua limitada capacidade de interpretação) seja capaz de compreender. Palavras-chave: linguística aplicada, interação humano-computador, letramento digital, pragmática.

ABSTRACT Human factors and ergonomics applies scientific information about human cognition and behavior to support the design of products and systems that enhance human well-being and performance. Human factors and ergonomics professionals investigate human–system interaction at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The aim is to design products that augment human physical, cognitive, and motivational capabilities and improve the social, technical, and organizational aspects of a system. Human factors and ergonomics has been used to improve safety and productivity particularly in complex sociotechnical systems.