Refugee Studies

Based on interviews with bureaucrats and judges in several Swiss cantons, this article analyzes how bureaucrats decide to order immigration detention and how the judicial review shapes their decisions. The authors argue that discretionary decision-making regarding immigration detention is structured by the web of relationships in which decision-makers are embedded and affected by the practices of other street-level actors. The varying cantonal configurations result in heterogenous bureaucratic practices that affect the profiles and numbers of persons being detained. In particular, differences in judges' interpretation of legal principles, as well as in their expectations, strongly affect bureaucratic decisions.

After a historical overview of migration within Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall (Minnucci), this collection of essays addresses Mediterranean issues: the case of Ceuta and Melilla (Sagnella), the relationship between Tunisia and the European Union (Gerli), the changes in North Africa from the Arab Spring to the Islamic State (Musso), the Lampedusa case (Strano), some European Models of citizenship (Turco), a focus on female genital mutilation/cutting in the context of migration (Faraca) and another one on the representation of immigrants in Italian Media (Elbreki). This collection of essays by young researchers analyzes, through various innovative approaches, the role of the Mediterranean and migration experiences.

For decades, progressive political analysts have critiqued Arab states for abandoning the Palestinian struggle for liberation. According to this critique, while Arab governments often claim solidarity with Palestinians, their actions involve complicity in Israeli settler-colonialism – from political and economic cooperation with Israel to scapegoating Palestinians and repressing solidarity with Palestinian liberation within Arab states – as well as using the Palestine issue to bolster their legitimacy.

This roundtable interrogates this critique, offering nuanced perspectives on whether and to what extent Arab states have abandoned or compromised the Palestinian cause. Contributors situate this question within the transnational context of US imperialism and the connected realities of Arab and Palestinian fragmentation. Their perspectives inspire new questions about the relationship between state-run Arab nationalism and the global right; the US-Gulf-Israeli relationship; and the Palestinian political establishment’s normalization with Israel.

The Refugee Crisis has dominated the news in Greece and Europe throughout the winter 2015 and spring of 2016. As a matter of fact, it has managed to change for a period of time the image of Greece, spinning the financial crisis agenda. However, that did not change the fact that the great flows of immigrants and refugees constituted a crisis within a crisis for Greece. The Greek Government had to act swiftly to manage the flows and prepare the necessary infrastructure to accommodate and identify the incoming populations.
Quickly the positive image of the “hospitable” and “humane” Greece gave their place to the image of “unorganized” Greece that was not able to handle the crisis. In crisis situations, it is important to manage and maintain the control of the information environment. One important aspect in crisis management is the communicational level. In crisis situations it is of vital importance to reframe the narrative and the construction of a strong alternative perception that will keep positive attitudes towards the crisis manager and at the same time maintain his ethos as a capable manager of the situation.
In this case, the Greek government together with the regional authorities needed to keep control of the information flow and build on strategic communication messaging that would help manage effectively not only the image crisis but also subjective issues of the overall crisis. 
This paper examines the Strategic Communication used by the Greek authorities and the Public Administration during the crisis. Three main questions are being discussed: What was the main strategic communication narrative in order to handle the crisis by the Greek Public Administration? How were strategically the messages constructed and how this strategy helped the strategic communication messaging. How effective were the strategic messages and narratives of the institutions and authorities in terms of crisis communication and management?
The research uses the qualitative content analysis and the crisis management and communication literature in order to examine the three main research questions. The item of the study is the Press Releases of the public administration Institutions involved in the crisis and a selective corpus of public speeches of government members and local authorities involved. The purpose is to gain an overall picture and critically examine the crisis management efforts of the Greek government and the Greek public administration at that time, concluding with lessons learned and proposing best practices for future situations.

İki dillilik bireylerin iki farklı dilin
konuşulduğu ortamda bulunması ve bu iki dillerin
ikisiyle de iletişim kurabilme becerisi olarak
tanımlanabilmektedir. Doğumlarında itibaren iki dilin
kullanıldığı ortamlarda bulunan çocuklar bu iki dili
doğal ortamlarında öğrenebilmektedirler. Bireylerin
düşünce sisteminin gelişiminin yanında sosyal
ilişkilerinin kurulmasında da iki dilliliğin önemli bir
rolü olduğu söylenebilir. 2011 yılında başlayan Suriye
iç savaşından kaçarak ülkemize gelen Suriyelilerin
ülkemizde yaşamaları ve Türkiye’de doğan çocukların
ortaya çıkması sonucunda iki dilli bireyler oluşmaya
başlamıştır. İki dillilik Suriyelilerde iki şekilde
görülmektedir. Birincisi Türk ve Arap anne babaya
sahip olan çocukların Türkçe ve Arapçayı aynı anda
öğrendikleri “eş zamanlı iki dillilik”, diğeri ise 3-4
yaşlarına kadar Arapça öğrenen çocuğun kreşe veya
anaokuluna başlamasından sonra oluşan “art arda iki
dillilik”. Farklı türlerde iki dilliliğin yansıması
görülse de Türkiye’de yaşayan Suriyeliler üzerinde
her geçen gün Arapçanın yanında Türkçenin de önem
kazandığı söylenebilir. Bu etkinin oluşmasında
evlilikler, sosyal yaşam ve eğitimde Türkçenin
belirleyici rol oynaması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; iki
dillilik, iki dilliliğin çeşitleri, Türkiye’de yaşayan iki
dilli Suriyelilerin eğitimde ve toplumsal hayatta
karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve kolaylıklar, Türkçenin
Suriyeliler üzerindeki etkisi ele alınacaktır.

Alors que c’est souvent à la Seconde Guerre mondiale et à ses suites que sont associées les expériences des déplacements forcés, des internements massifs de civils et de militaires, cet ouvrage propose de placer la focale sur un long XIXe siècle, de la Révolution française aux lendemains de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ce livre a pour ambition de proposer une analyse conjointe et comparée, à la fois diachronique et internationale, de trois grands types d’expériences a priori dissemblables, celles des réfugiés, des prisonniers de guerre et des déportés lors d’un siècle qui vit à la fois ces phénomènes se massifier et — lentement encore — se différencier. Ces trois formes de circulation transnationale contrainte — alors encore comparables à bien des égards — sont caractérisées par un moment d’arrachement qui se déroule dans un contexte de violence (guerre, révolution, crise), suivi d’une migration forcée et d’une implantation provisoire ou définitive. Ces déplacés subissent alors souvent une marginalisation lors de leur séjour dans le pays d’accueil. Ce volume collectif vise essentiellement à comparer des situations qui ont fait l’objet de recherches récemment renouvelées, mais qui continuent à se côtoyer plus qu’à se croiser. C’est donc à cette histoire croisée, à la fois juridique, sociale, culturelle et politique, particulièrement novatrice de l’expérience de l’arrachement et du déplacement forcé qu’invite ce livre.