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Russia at the Olympics

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Russia at the
Olympics
IOC codeRUS
NOCRussian Olympic Committee
Websitewww.olympic.ru/en 
Medals
Ranked 12th
Gold
192
Silver
163
Bronze
184
Total
539
Summer appearances
Winter appearances
Other related appearances
 Russian Empire (1900–1912)
 Soviet Union (1952–1988)
 Unified Team (1992)
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (2018)
 ROC (2020–2022)
 Individual Neutral Athletes (2024–2026)

Russia, referred to by its formal name; the Russian Federation, by the International Olympic Committee, has competed at the modern Olympic Games on many occasions, but as different nations in its history. As the Russian Empire, the nation first competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics and returned again in 1908 and 1912. It would be forty years until Russian athletes once again competed at the Olympics, as the Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia competed as part of the Unified Team in 1992, and finally returned once again as Russia at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

The Russian Olympic Committee was created in 1991 and recognized in 1993. The Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and the Russian Federation hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

In twelve appearances from 1994 to 2016, Russian athletes won a total of 422 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 120 at the Winter Olympic Games. Russia's 542 total medals, including 193 gold medals, are second behind only the United States in that timespan.

In 2017, Russia was suspended from competing at the Olympic Games due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Russian athletes were allowed to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics as the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR). They were also allowed to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics, representing the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC).[1]

Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed Russian athletes to participate at the 2024 Summer Olympics and 2026 Winter Olympics as Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN).[2][3] The suspension of the ROC was provisionally lifted in July 2026, before the qualifying events for the 2028 Summer Olympics, with the IOC also stating that a decision on restoring the complete use of the Russia name and its national symbols at the Olympics will later be made "at the appropriate time."[4][5]

Hosted Games

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Russia has hosted the Games on two occasions. Moscow was the host of the 1980 Summer Games, when Russia (Russian SFSR) was part of the Soviet Union. Sochi was the host of the 2014 Winter Games, as part of the Russian Federation.

GamesHost cityDatesNationsParticipantsEvents
1980 Summer OlympicsMoscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union19 July–3 August805,179203
2014 Winter OlympicsSochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russian Federation7–23 February882,87398

Participation

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Timeline of participation

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Olympic Year/sTeams
1900–1912 Russian Empire
1920–1936
1952–1988 Soviet Union
1992 Unified Team
1994–2016 Russia Belarus
2018 Olympic Athletes from Russia
2020–2022 ROC
2024–present Individual Neutral Athletes

Combined medals

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The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire, the Olympic Athletes from Russia, and the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) are sometimes combined outside of IOC sources. The Soviet Union is often combined with the post-union team that competed in 1992.[6][7][8] Some sources combine the Soviet Union and Russia, despite the fact that many republics which subsequently gained or re-gained independence (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) contributed to the medal tally of the USSR, and there are sources that combine all medals of RU1, URS, EUN, OAR, ROC and RUS.[9][10] On 31 January 1992, the United Nations recognized, without objection, Russia as legal successor of the rights and obligations of the former Soviet Union,[11] but this has no significance in medal tallies.

Neutral Russian athletes that competed as Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) at the 2024 Summer and the 2026 Winter Olympics are also included in the table.

Medal counts:
Russia combined with precursors and Russian delegations
status after the 2026 Olympics

Summer Games Winter Games Combined total
Team (IOC code)

No.

1st place, gold medalist(s)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)

3rd place, bronze medalist(s)

Total

No.

1st place, gold medalist(s)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)

3rd place, bronze medalist(s)

Total

No.

1st place, gold medalist(s)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)

3rd place, bronze medalist(s)

Total

 Russia 6147124150421645393411812192163184539
 Russian Empire 314380000031438
 Soviet Union 939531929610109785759194184733763551204
 Unified Team 14538291121968232544437135
 Olympic Athletes from Russia 00000126917126917
 ROC 120282371151215322254038103
 Individual Neutral Athletes 101011010120202
Total 21608514501162319139121125385407476356262008

Medal tables

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Medals by Summer Games

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GamesAthletesGoldSilverBronzeTotalRank
1900–1912as part of the  Russian Empire
1920–1948did not participate
1952–1988as part of the  Soviet Union
Spain 1992 Barcelonaas part of the  Unified Team
United States 1996 Atlanta390262116632
Australia 2000 Sydney435322829892
Greece 2004 Athens446282636903
China 2008 Beijing455241323603
United Kingdom 2012 London436181926634
Brazil 2016 Rio de Janeiro282191720564
Japan 2020 Tokyoas the  ROC
France 2024 Parisas part of the  Individual Neutral Athletes
United States 2028 Los Angelesfuture event
Australia 2032 Brisbane
Total (6/30)2,44414712415042113

Medals by Winter Games

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  Host country

GamesAthletesGoldSilverBronzeTotalRank
1956–1988as part of the  Soviet Union
France 1992 Albertvilleas part of the  Unified Team
Norway 1994 Lillehammer1131184231
Japan 1998 Nagano122963183
United States 2002 Salt Lake City151544135
Italy 2006 Turin190868224
Canada 2010 Vancouver1772561312
Russia 2014 Sochi23210109292
South Korea 2018 Pyeongchangas the  Olympic Athletes from Russia
China 2022 Beijingas the  ROC
Italy 2026 Milano Cortinaas part of the  Individual Neutral Athletes
France 2030 French Alpsfuture event
United States 2034 Utah
Total (6/25)98545393411813

Medals by summer sport

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  Leading in that sport
SportGoldSilverBronzeTotal
 Wrestling31111456
 Gymnastics22212164
 Athletics18191956
 Fencing135826
 Boxing1051530
 Artistic swimming100010
 Shooting7131131
 Cycling55919
 Judo54716
 Swimming49922
 Diving48618
 Weightlifting47617
 Modern pentathlon4105
 Tennis3328
 Canoeing24713
 Handball2114
 Volleyball1326
 Rowing1023
 Marathon swimming1001
 Taekwondo0224
 Water polo0134
 Archery0112
 Sailing0112
 Basketball0033
 Badminton0011
Totals (25 entries)147124150421

Medals by winter sport

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SportGoldSilverBronzeTotal
 Cross country skiing1410933
 Figure skating149326
 Biathlon85720
 Speed skating35513
 Short track speed skating3115
 Snowboarding2215
 Skeleton1023
 Luge0303
 Freestyle skiing0134
 Bobsleigh0112
 Ice hockey0112
 Alpine skiing0101
 Nordic combined0011
Totals (13 entries)453934118

Notes

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  • On 9 February 2014, Russia captured the inaugural gold medal in the team figure skating event at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics.[12] Yulia Lipnitskaya, at 15, becomes the youngest Russian Winter Olympic medalist.[citation needed]
  • On 10 February 2014, Viktor Ahn won the first short track speedskating medal for Russia competing as Russia. He won the bronze medal in the 1500m short track speedskating event at the 2014 Sochi winter Olympics.[13]
  • On 15 February 2014, Ahn won the second Russian gold medal in the 1000m short track speedskating event, leading the first Russian 1–2 finish in short track, with Vladimir Grigorev winning silver. At 31 years and 191 days, Grigorev also became the oldest man to win a short track Olympic medal.[14]
  • On 20 February 2014, Adelina Sotnikova won the first ever Russian ladies figure skating gold medal.

Stripped Olympic medals

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Due to doping violations, Russia has been stripped of 52 Olympic medals – the most of any country, four times the number of the runner-up, and 31% of the global total. It was the leading country in terms of medals removed due to doping at the 2002 Winter Olympics (5 medals), the 2006 Winter Olympics (1 medal), the 2008 Summer Olympics (14 medals), the 2010 Winter Olympics (2 medals), the 2012 Summer Olympics (20 medals), 2014 Winter Olympics (4 medals — 10 others were stripped and subsequently returned), as well as joint-most at the 2004 Summer Olympics (3 medals) and the 2016 Summer Olympics (1 medal). Also two medals were also stripped from Russian teams competing as OAR at the 2018 Winter Olympics (1 medal) and the ROC at the 2022 Winter Olympics (1 medal downgraded from gold → bronze).

Key
† Denotes medals stripped from Russian teams competing as OAR or ROC
Olympics # Athlete Medal Event Ref
2002 Winter Olympics #1 Olga Danilova 1st place, gold medalist(s) Cross-country skiing, women's 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit [15]
#2 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Cross-country skiing, women's 10 km classical [15]
#3 Larisa Lazutina 1st place, gold medalist(s) Cross-country skiing, women's 30 km classical [15][16]
#4 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Cross-country skiing, women's 15 km freestyle [17]
#5 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Cross-country skiing, women's 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit [17]
2004 Summer Olympics #6 Irina Korzhanenko 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's shot put [18]
#7 Svetlana Krivelyova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, women's shot put [19]
#8 Oleg Perepetchenov 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Weightlifting, men's 77 kg [20]
2006 Winter Olympics #9 Olga Pyleva 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Biathlon, women's individual [21]
2008 Summer Olympics #10 Relay team (Yuliya Chermoshanskaya) 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's 4 × 100 m relay [22]
#11 Relay team (Anastasiya Kapachinskaya, Tatyana Firova) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's 4 × 400 m relay [24]
#12 Maria Abakumova 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's javelin throw [25]
#13 Khasan Baroyev 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman 120 kg [26]
#14 Tatyana Lebedeva 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's triple jump [27]
#15 Tatyana Lebedeva 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's long jump [27]
#16 Marina Shainova 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Weightlifting, women's 58 kg [24]
#17 Relay team (Denis Alexeev) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, men's 4 × 400 m relay [25]
#18 Yekaterina Volkova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, women's 3000 m steeplechase [29]
#19 Anna Chicherova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, women's high jump [31]
#20 Khadzhimurat Akkayev 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Weightlifting, men's 94 kg [26]
#21 Tatyana Chernova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, Women's heptathlon [32]
#22 Dmitry Lapikov 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Weightlifting, men's 105 kg [26]
#23 Nadezhda Evstyukhina 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Weightlifting, women's 75 kg [24]
2010 Winter Olympics #24 Evgeny Ustyugov 1st place, gold medalist(s) Biathlon, Men's mass start [33]
#25 Relay team (Evgeny Ustyugov) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Biathlon, Men's relay [33]
2012 Summer Olympics #26 Natalya Antyukh 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's 400 m hurdles [34]
#27 Sergey Kirdyapkin 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, men's 50 km walk [35]
#28 Elena Lashmanova 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, Women's 20 km walk [36][37]
#29 Tatyana Lysenko 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's hammer throw [38]
#30 Ivan Ukhov 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, Men's high jump [39]
#31 Mariya Savinova 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's 800 m [40][41]
#32 Yuliya Zaripova 1st place, gold medalist(s) Athletics, women's 3000 m steeplechase [42][43]
#33 Apti Aukhadov 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Weightlifting, men's 85 kg [44]
#34 Aleksandr Ivanov 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Weightlifting, men's 94 kg [43]
#35 Olga Kaniskina 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's 20 km walk [45]
#36 Yevgeniya Kolodko 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's shot put [46]
#37 Darya Pishchalnikova 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's discus throw [47]
#38 Tatyana Tomashova 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, Women's 1500 m [48]
#39 Relay (Antonina Krivoshapka, Yulia Gushchina, Tatyana Firova, Natalya Antyukh) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Athletics, women's 4 × 400 m relay [49][50]
#40 Svetlana Tsarukayeva 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Weightlifting, women's 63 kg [51]
#41 Natalia Zabolotnaya 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Weightlifting, women's 75 kg [43]
#42 Tatyana Chernova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, women's heptathlon [52]
#43 Ekaterina Poistogova 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, women's 800 m [53]
#44 Svetlana Shkolina 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Athletics, Women's high jump [54]
#45 Ruslan Albegov 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Weightlifting, Men's +105 kg [55]
2014 Winter Olympics #46 Alexandr Zubkov, Alexey Voyevoda 1st place, gold medalist(s) Bobsleigh, Two-man [56][57]
#47 Alexandr Zubkov, Alexey Negodaylo, Dmitry Trunenkov and Alexey Voyevoda 1st place, gold medalist(s) Bobsleigh, Four-man [56][58][59][57]
#48 Relay team (Evgeny Ustyugov) 1st place, gold medalist(s) Biathlon, Men's relay [60]
#49 Relay team (Olga Vilukhina, Yana Romanova, Olga Zaitseva) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Biathlon, Women's relay [58][59]
2016 Summer Olympics #50 Mikhail Aloyan 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Boxing, men's flyweight [61]
2018 Winter Olympics #51 Curling team (Aleksandr Krushelnitckii)† 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Curling, Mixed doubles [62]
2022 Winter Olympics #52 Team event (Mark Kondratiuk, Kamila Valieva, Anastasia Mishina, Aleksandr Galliamov, Victoria Sinitsina, Nikita Katsalapov)† 1st place, gold medalist(s) → 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Figure Skating, Team event [63]

2016–2026 suspension

[edit]

Russia was partially banned from participation at the 2016 Summer Olympics due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Russian athletes were then allowed to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics as the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR), and in both the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics as the Russian Olympic Committee athletes (ROC).[64][1]

Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced in January 2023 plans to have Russian athletes introduced as Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) at the 2024 Summer Olympics.[2][65] The IOC also published a statement stating that it supported the return of Russian athletes, as long as they did not "actively" advocate for the war and as long as their flag, anthem, colors, and organizations were excluded (thus preventing them from competing under the Russian Olympic Committee as in 2020 and 2022).[66] However, they could not compete in team events.[67] With the Russo-Ukrainian war extending into 2026, Russian athletes were also introduced as Individual Neutral Athletes at the 2026 Winter Olympics under the same rules used in 2024.[3] In July 2026, the IOC provisionally lifted the suspension of the ROC, in time for Russian athletes to potentially take part in qualifying events for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and stated that it will make the decision on the display of Russian national symbols at the Olympics "at the appropriate time."[4][5]

Flag bearers

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in PyeongChang 2018 under the Olympic Flag". International Olympic Committee. 19 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 Miller, David (6 January 2023). "Western nations considering Paris 2024 boycott if Russia is allowed to compete". Inside the games. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Russian teams remain banned from competing at 2026 Winter Games". Reuters. 27 May 2025. Archived from the original on 28 May 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  4. 1 2 "IOC provisionally lifts suspension of Russian Olympic Committee". Olympics.com. 7 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  5. 1 2 Wälde, Milena (7 July 2026). "IOC paves way for Russia's Olympic return". Politico Europe. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  6. ↑ "Team USA has more medals in the Summer Olympics than the next two countries combined". businessinsider. July 28, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  7. ↑ "All-Time Olympic Games Medal Tally (Summer Olympics)". topendsports. August 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Medal standings for all Olympic Games". olympteka. February 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  9. ↑ "CHART:The United States Dominates When It Comes To Olympic Gold Medals". businessinsider. February 13, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Countries With The Most Summer Olympic Medals". WorldAtlas The Original Online Geography Resource. July 23, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  11. ↑ Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations from the President of the Russian Federation, 24 December 1991
  12. ↑ Alice Park (20 February 2014). "Russia Has Its First Ladies Figure Skating Gold Medalist, But It's Not Lipnitskaya". Time. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014.
  13. ↑ Mark Zeigler (10 February 2014). "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love". U-T San Diego.
  14. ↑ Beth Harris (15 February 2014). "Viktor Ahn wins 1st Olympic gold and 2nd short track medal for his adopted Russia". Yahoo Sports. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 "Muehlegg, Lazutina test positive, stripped of golds". ESPN.com. Associated Press. February 24, 2002. Archived from the original on December 26, 2002.
  16. ↑ "Drugs test denies Lazutina gold". BBC News. February 24, 2002.
  17. 1 2 "Lazutina loses Olympic medals". BBC News. June 29, 2003.
  18. ↑ "Shot-put champion will lose gold". CNN. August 22, 2004.
  19. ↑ "Four Athens competitors stripped of medals". Al Jazeera. December 5, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Russian weightlifter, Oleg Perepetchenov, stripped of Athens bronze medal". The Times of India. February 12, 2013.[dead link]
  21. ↑ "Russian Woman Stripped of Biathlon Medal". NBCSports.com. Associated Press. February 16, 2006. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  22. ↑ "IOC sanctions Yulia Chermoshanskaya for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 6 February 2018.
  23. "IOC sanctions three athletes for failing anti-doping tests at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
  24. 1 2 3 "IOC sanctions six athletes for failing anti-doping tests at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
  25. 1 2 "IOC sanctions four athletes for failing anti-doping tests at Beijing 2008 and London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
  26. 1 2 3 "IOC sanctions 16 athletes for failing anti-doping tests at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  27. 1 2 "IOC sanctions two athletes for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 31 May 2017.
  28. "9 Olympians, including 6 medallists, caught for Beijing doping". cbc.ca. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  29. ↑ "IOC sanctions nine athletes for failing anti-doping tests at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 2016-10-26. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  30. "Russian Chicherova stripped of 2008 Olympics high jump medal". reuters.com. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "IOC sanctions Anna Chicherova for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008". International Olympic Committee. 25 January 2017.
  32. ↑ "IOC sanctions two athletes for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008 and London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 18 May 2017.
  33. 1 2 "CAS rejects next Ustyugov appeal – Sochi medal reallocation delay". Biathlon World. Retrieved 2025-05-25.
  34. ↑ "Lashinda Demus in line for 2012 Olympics gold after Russian DQ'd". ESPN. 24 October 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  35. ↑ "London 2012 50km walk men – Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. 7 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Lashmanova stripped of Olympic and world titles". AW. 2022-03-21. Archived from the original on 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  37. ↑ "20 Kilometres Race Walk women | The XXX Olympic Games". World Athletics. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  38. ↑ "IOC sanctions Tatyana Lysenko for failing anti-doping test at London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 25 January 2017.
  39. ↑ "Athletics - Anti-Doping" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-01.
  40. ↑ "Mariya Savinova: Russian London 2012 gold medallist stripped of title". BBC Sport. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  41. ↑ Muñana, Gustavo (8 April 2024). "Poistogova-Guliyev could lose Olympic medal in historic doping case". Insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 2024-04-09. Russian athlete Ekaterina Poistogova-Guliyev, 33, will almost certainly be stripped of her silver medal in the 800 metres at the London 2012 Olympic Games. The Russian athletics federation, RusAF, has banned the athlete, who now competes for Turkey, for four years for past doping. The Russian federation cancelled her results from July 2012 to October 2014 after analysing old samples.
  42. ↑ "The decisions of the Lausanne (Switzerland) Court of Arbitration for Sport regarding the Russian Athletes". 2016-03-16. Archived from the original on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
  43. 1 2 3 "IOC sanctions 12 athletes for failing anti-doping test at London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  44. ↑ "IOC sanctions two athletes for failing anti-doping test at London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
  45. ↑ "London 2012 20km race walk women – Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. 7 March 2019.
  46. ↑ "IOC sanctions Evgeniia Kolodko for failing anti-doping test at London 2012". olympic.org. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  47. ↑ "Russia's Pishchalnikova given 10-year doping ban". Reuters. 2013-05-01. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved 2013-05-01.
  48. ↑ "Tatyana Tomashova banned: Runner in 2012 'dirtiest race' gets 10-year ban". BBC Sport. 2024-09-03. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  49. ↑ "IOC sanctions three athletes for failing anti-doping tests at London 2012". International Olympic Committee. 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
  50. ↑ "More Russian track athletes banned for doping at London Olympics". www.cbc.ca. 2017-11-28.
  51. ↑ "IOC sanctions three athletes for failing anti-doping test at Beijing 2008 and London 2012". 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  52. ↑ Sean, Ingle (November 29, 2016). "Jessica Ennis-Hill in line for 2011 gold as Chernova is stripped of world title". The Guardian.
  53. ↑ "IOC Executive Board approves Olympic medal, diploma and medallist pin reallocation for London 2012 Olympic Games". International Olympic Committee. June 22, 2026. Archived from the original on 26 August 2026. Retrieved August 26, 2026.
  54. ↑ "The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) issues decisions in 12 first-instance disciplinary procedures concerning Russian track and field athletes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-01.
  55. ↑ "IOC Executive Board approves medal reallocation from Olympic Games London 2012". Olympics. March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  56. 1 2 "IOC sanctions four Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 24 November 2017.
  57. 1 2 "Russian bobsledder banned over doping". France 24. 18 December 2017.
  58. 1 2 "IOC sanctions five Russian athletes and publishes first full decision as part of the Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 2017-11-27. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  59. 1 2 "IOC sanctions three Russian athletes as part of Oswald Commission findings". International Olympic Committee. 6 February 2018.
  60. ↑ "Russia's Evgeny Ustyugov stripped of Sochi 2014 gold medal for doping". BBC Sport. 2020-02-15. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  61. ↑ "CAS to strip Olympic medals from Russian boxer, Romanian weightlifter". espn.com. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  62. ↑ "Aleksandr Krushelnitckii is found guilty of an anti-doping rule with meldonium – The team OAR in the mixed doubles curling event is disqualified from the Olympic Winter Games 2018" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-22.
  63. ↑ "Breaking down ROC figure skater Kamila Valieva, trimetazidine and possible consequences". KCRA. 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  64. ↑ "With one year until 2018 Winter Games, Russia's status murky". 2017-02-09.
  65. ↑ Llewellyn, Liam (2 February 2023). "'Up to 40 countries' could boycott Olympic Games making Paris 2024 "pointless"". Mirror. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  66. ↑ "Statement on solidarity with Ukraine, sanctions against Russia and Belarus, and the status of athletes from these countries". International Olympic Committee. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  67. ↑ Joseph, Sam (4 July 2024). "Can Russians and Belarusians compete at the Paris Olympics? Individual Neutral Athletes explained". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 January 2026.
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