Great Tea Road

Семья Боткиных дала России и миру много выдающихся врачей, художников, дипломатов, благотворителей, коммерческих деятелей. И на этом фоне несколько затерялся Пётр Дмитриевич Боткин (1865–1931), тем не менее и он оставил свой след в истории, поддерживая картинную галерею Д. П. Боткина, деятельно участвуя в семейных предприятиях: чаеторговой фирме «Петра Боткина сыновья» и «Ново-Таволжанском свеклосахарном заводе Боткиных», жертвуя средства на разные благотворительные нужды, а также после революции 1917 года, будучи наследником представителей старшего поколения Боткиных, распоряжался частью их наследия.
Botkin’s family gave Russia and the world many outstanding doctors, artists, diplomats, philanthropists, and businessmen. And against this background, Peter Dmitrievich Botkin (1865–1931) was somewhat lost, but he also left his mark on history, supporting the D. P. Botkin’s Picture Gallery, actively participating in the family enterprises: the tea trading company “Peter Botkin’s Sons” and the “Botkin’s Novo-Tavolzhansky Beet Sugar Factory”, donating funds for various needs, and after the 1917 revolution, being the heir of the older generation of Botkins, he managed part of their legacy.

This multi-volume edition is devoted to people who were selling tea in the Russian Empire. It includes tea sellers’ biographical materials. Data about their family members, relatives, descendants is given as well. The edition also contains tea sellers’ biographies from different ethnic and culture groups: the Russians, the Jews, the French, the Germans, the Chinese, the Tatar, etc. Everybody who sold tea in the Russian Empire. The book describes the period from 1700s till 1930s.
The edition covers distributers of such types of tea as: Chinese, Indian, Ceylon, Russian. Besides, from this book you can learn about coffee, sugar, Yerba mate, confectionary goods and wines dealers if these people were involved into selling tea.
The materials for the book were gathered from the archives, rare editions from libraries, private collections, family assemblages, periodic publications of 19 – early 20 century.
This edition enables the reader to retrace the evolution of merchant capital assets and tea-selling dynasties. Biographies describe the evolution of merchant capital assets and dynasties in the tea business.
Tea capitals would convert distributors’ children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren (3-4 family generations) into representatives of creative and culture elite. Descendants would leave merchandising for sci-tech and creative clerisy.
Tea-sellers had family ties with many outstanding Russian researches, artists, writers. The Shchukins, Fet, Dostoevsky, and many others were their family hood.
The collected data helps to retrace commercial connections between tea dealers. Big part of the book is devoted to their relations with big enterprises, such as Russian-American company.
Tea business representatives had big impact on the development of transport systems. Due to tea commerce ″Great Tea Road″ was founded, which was further north than ″Great Silk Road″. Tea cargo was carried by the Trans-Siberian railway and by sea.
The money, accumulated from tea trade, led to the explosion of Russian economy and culture. Tea capitals were redirected to the chemical industry, metallurgy, agriculture, fabric industry, gold mining, books publishing, ect.
Tea-dealers also invested their money into paintings and objects of art, estate property. They donated money to culture, building of churches, mosques, synagogues, helped the sick, the poor and the old.
The book has a big appendix with unique materials on the history of tea and tea business in Russia, history of Chinese tea.
This book will be interesting to tea traders, historians, advertising and genealogy specialists, researches of business relations, economists, sociologists, etc.

As a rule every newly independent nation faces the problem of what to do with the immigrant settlers of the old colonial regime. Whether those settlers are the con-ethnics of the old colonial government or persons imported from third countries to staff colonial industries, the new national government always faces the question of how to handle a population that mixes utility with a sharp reminder of a now rejected past. Mongolia is no exception to this rule. After declaring independence in 1911, Mongolia still had a large number of ethnic Chinese within its boundaries. This papers surveys policy of the Mongolian government towards a specific emblematic population of Chinese, the merchants, during the first 15 years of its existence (that is, from 1911 to 1926). I will then conclude with some observations on what this history says about the intersection of ethnicity, citizenship, and state-building in Mongolia. Thus the transformations of the Chinese community in modern Mongolia is one of great interest not only in itself, but also in affording a valuable angle for comparative analysis.
NOTE: The paper was published with a number of errors which I was not given a chance to correct. If you use this paper, please click on the "Comments" section of the menu, to see the corrections of the errors which were introduced in the publication process.

The History of Tea: new documents and materials

Издание вводит в научный оборот документы и материалы по истории чая. Представлены рецепты XIX в. в которых чай смешивается с алкогольными напитками, материалы о чае в Японии, чае в русской живописи XIX - XX вв., цены на чай в дореволюционный период и в советских ресторанах периода «застоя», реклама, редкие документы Советской Эпохи на чайных этикетах начала ХХ в. Большой блок иллюстраций: семейные фотографии XIX - XX вв., рекламу и упаковку чая царского и советского периода, гравюры, карты, рисунки, фотографии чайных пломб, талонов на чай, фотографий и рисунков Китая эпохи Цин. Книга будет востребована историками, экономистами, социологами, культурологами, работниками пищевой промышленности, краеведами, сфрагистами, учителями средних и высших учебных заведений, специалистами в области рекламы и генеалогии.

This research is devoted to the history of tea and consists of three volumes. It covers the period from the 17th to the 20th century. This book focuses on the influence of Chinese, Indian and Ceylon tea on Russian history, economy and culture.  The book also deals with the appearance of tea in Russia, directions of its deliveries and the variety of Chinese teas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Among the additional topics are the propagation of tea culture in different social groups of Russian society, anti-tea and temperance movement. The author pays attention to the tea-trading companies, their owners, advertisement, and innovations. The study bases on a vast array of archival sources, museums and private collections, including rare ancient books and previously unknown materials of private collections. The book also contains a large block of statistics, reference and auxiliary materials, terminology, bibliography, data on prices in the market. This edition is useful for historians, economists, sociologists, collectors, cultural theorists, food industry managers, teachers in secondary and higher education, experts in the field of advertising and genealogy.

Новые пломбы чаеторговцев, чаеторговых компаний и таможен, через которые проходили грузы чая, из частной коллекции. Соколов И., 2014 ((Полная версия текста и иллюстрации -в печатном издании)) В частной коллекции выявлено значительное количество пломб чаеторговых компаний, отдельных чаеторговцев, а также казённых и таможенных пломб. Кроме того, выявлено три пломбы, имеющие косвенное отношение к теме российской чайной торговли, а точнее -к родственным связям одного из чаеторговых кланов. 1.1. Пломба Торгового Дома «Сергей Васильевич Перлов» (аверс). 1.2. Пломба Торгового Дома «Сергей Васильевич Перлов» (реверс). Диаметр пломбы составляет (варьируется): 21 -22 миллиметра. Диаметр легенды пломбы на аверсе: 16 миллиметров. Диаметр легенды на реверсе: 16 миллиметров. Толщина пломбы (варьируется): 10,5 -18,2 миллиметра. 2.1. Пломба Товарищества «В. Высоцкий и Ко», редкая разновидность (аверс). 2.2. Пломба Товарищества «В. Высоцкий и Ко», редкая разновидность (реверс). Особенностью пломбой является наличие чёткого торгового знака фирмы -плывущего кораблика. С одной из сторон пломбы немного выступает острый конец проволоки, которая фиксировалась пломбой. Диаметр пломбы составляет (варьируется): 22 -25 миллиметров. Диаметр легенды пломбы на аверсе: 11 миллиметров.

With its 2 212 entries, the Who is Who in the Russian Tea Industry reference
edition transports its readers into the world of Russian tea and tea merchants,
the world unfamiliar to most of our contemporaries, even to those who have many
years of experience in the tea industry. The book includes biographies of the people
who worked in the tea trade during the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union,
covering the period from 1700 to 1923. The entries contain information not only on
tea merchants themselves, but also on their family members and some ancestors
and descendants.
The biographical information comes primarily from archives and academic
publications, allowing readers to trace the evolution of tea merchant dynasties and
their fortunes, following longer dynasties through several generations as they shifted
from the merchant class during the tsarist Russia to members of the professional
intelligentsia during the early Soviet period. The coverage is not limited to those who
worked exclusively with tea, as some tea merchants also sold other commodities,
such as sugar or coffee.
Many distinguished Russians have tea merchants among their relatives. The
list includes the Schukin family (famous collectors), A. A. Fet (poet), F. M.
Dostoyevsky (writer), F. I. Shalyapin (opera singer) and scores of others.
The information in the book sheds light on commercial ties between various
merchants, as well as between tea merchants and other large commercial entities,
such as the Russian-American Company. The reader can also follow the profits
from the tea business, as they were invested in other areas of industry (chemicals,
metallurgy, agriculture, textiles) as well as real estate and fine art.
This reference edition will be a useful tool for tea industry professionals,
businesspeople, historians, advertising specialists, genealogists, economists,
sociologists and many others.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
2.212 Artikel des Nachschlagewerks „Menschen, die mit Tee handeln“ führen
den Leser in die Welt des Tees und der Teehändler Russlands, dabei ist diese
Welt unseren Zeitgenossen kaum bekannt, sogar denen, die schon mehrere Jahre
ihre Geschäfte mit Tee betreiben.
Das Buch beinhaltet Biographien von Menschen, die mit Tee in Russland
handelten, und zwar im Zeitraum von 1700 im Russischen Kaiserreich bis hin zum
Jahr 1923 im sowjetischen Staat. Neben den Informationen über die Teehändler
selbst gibt es Angaben über ihre Familienangehörigen, Vorfahren und
Nachkommen.
Die Abhandlung vereinigt biographische Informationen aus Archiven mit
solchen aus wissenschaftlichen Quellen. Die zusammengetragenen Dokumente
lassen den Leser die Evolution von Kapitalen der Kaufleute und Teehändler-
Dynastien verfolgen. Das Buch enthält auch einige Informationen über solche
Zucker- und Kaffeehändler, die gleichzeitig mit dem Tee gehandelt haben.
Diese wissenschaftliche Abhandlung bietet eine Gelegenheit, die
Verwandlung der Nachkommen von Kaufleuten zur wissenschaftlich-technischen
und schaffenden Intelligenz zu verfolgen (für dritte bzw. vierte
Nachfolgegenerationen der Teekaufleute).
Die Teehändler wurden durch familiäre Verhältnisse mit vielen russischen
Forschern, Künstlern und Schriftstellern verbunden. Zu den Familienangehörigen
der Teehändler gehörten zum Beispiel Kunstsammler Schtschukins, Dichter A.A.
Fet, Schriftsteller F.M. Dostojewski, Sänger F.I. Schaljapin und viele andere.
Die gesammelten Informationen helfen, die kommerziellen Verbindungen
zwischen den Teehändler zu verfolgen. Eine große Aufmerksamkeit wurde den
Verbindungen der Teehändler mit großen Gesellschaften geschenkt, z.B. mit der
Russisch-Amerikanischen Handelskompagnie.
Das Buch erlaubt es, Geldanlagen-Vorgänge zu verstehen und zu verfolgen:
wie die im Teehandel angesammelten Mittel in andere Wirtschaftszweige investiert
wurden. Die mit dem Teehandel gewonnenen Gelder wurden in Chemie- und
Hüttenindustrie, in die Landwirtschaft und Textilindustrie angelegt. Die Kapitale
wurden in Immobilien und Kunstobjekte investiert.
Dieses Buch soll für die zeitgenössischen Geschäftsleute und Historiker, für
Fachleute auf dem Gebiet der Werbung und Ahnenforschung, für Kapitalismus-
Forscher, Soziologen und viele andere interessant sein.

總結
手册 2 212 章节的《茶人》使读者沉浸于俄罗斯茶和茶商的世界 ，
这是我们当代人，甚至一些并非第一年在俄罗斯从事茶叶贸易的商人都鲜
为人知的。书中列举了从18世纪起到1923年间在俄罗斯，以及在沙俄和
苏维埃国家从事茶叶贸易的人物生平经历。除了茶商本人的经历，书中还
讲述了他们的家庭成员，祖先和后辈的故事。
研究结合了从档案和科学文献中提取出来的生平资料。所收集的资料使我
们追溯到商人资本以及茶商世家的演化。书中还包括了一些从事糖贸易和
咖啡贸易，同时也从事茶叶贸易的商人资料。
这种科学研究使我们观察到茶商后代们从商人到科技和创新知识分子的过
渡（第三和第四代及其后代茶商的代表）。
茶商们同俄罗斯很多杰出的研究者，画家和作家都有亲属关系。在他们的
亲属中有收藏家休金，诗人A.A.费特，作家F.M.陀思妥耶夫斯基，歌唱
家F.I.夏里亚宾等。
所收集的资料有助于研究茶商之间的商业关系，其中很大比重是同大公司
的联系，例如俄罗斯-美国公司。
这本书可以让你了解到在茶叶贸易中积累的资金向其他贸易领域投资的过
程。茶贸易中挣到的钱投入到了化工、冶金、农业和纺织等行业中。所积
累的资本还投入到不动产和艺术品中。本书将引起现代商业代表，历史学
家，广告领域和家谱学领域的专家，资本主义关系研究者，经济学家，社
会学家及其他领域专家的关注。