PAHAR — the Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset — is a free, open-access archive of historical literature, maps, journals and photographs relating to the Himalaya, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Pamir and adjacent ranges. When using materials from PAHAR in academic work, publications or research, please cite both the original source and the PAHAR archive through which you accessed it.
Citing PAHAR as an Archive
When referring to PAHAR as a whole — for example, when describing your research methodology — use the following format:
PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Free open-access archive of Himalayan literature, maps and photographs. Available at: https://pahar.in [Accessed: date of access].
Citing Individual Documents
For individual books, articles, journals, maps or photographs accessed through PAHAR, cite the original author and publication first, then note PAHAR as the repository. Use whichever citation style is standard in your field.
Chicago / Turabian
Wood, John. A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. London: John Murray, 1841. Digital facsimile. PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. https://pahar.in [accessed May 2026].
APA (7th edition)
Wood, J. (1841). A journey to the source of the River Oxus. John Murray. Retrieved from PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (https://pahar.in)
MLA (9th edition)
Wood, John. A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. John Murray, 1841. PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset, pahar.in. Accessed May 2026.
Citing Maps
Survey of India. Sheet NI-43-A: Chitral and Adjoining Areas. 1:250,000. Dehra Dun: Survey of India, 1935. Digital scan. PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. https://pahar.in/maps/ [accessed May 2026].
Usage and Copyright
The materials in PAHAR are drawn from documents published before 1928 and are believed to be in the public domain in most jurisdictions. Our digitisation effort, editorial notes and website design remain the intellectual property of the PAHAR project.
You are free to use PAHAR materials for personal research, academic study and non-commercial publication. Bulk downloading, redistribution of entire collections, and use for AI training are not permitted without prior written agreement. If you are unsure about a specific use case, please contact us.
If you have questions about citation, reproduction rights or data use for research, please get in touch. We are happy to assist researchers, journalists and students.